Advanced Underground Space Technology

The recent development of underground space technology makes underground space a potential and feasible solution to climate change, energy shortages, the growing population, and the demands on urban space. Advances in material science, information technology, and computer science incorporating traditional geotechnical engineering have been extensively applied to sustainable and resilient underground space applications. The aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Underground Space Technology”, is to gather original fundamental and applied research related to the design, construction, and maintenance of underground space

Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III

The conservation of monuments and historic sites is one of the most challenging problems facing modern civilization. It involves, in inextricable patterns, factors belonging to different fields (cultural, humanistic, social, technical, economical, administrative) and the requirements of safety and use appear to be (or often are) in conflict with the respect of the integrity of the monuments. The complexity of the topic is such that a shared framework of reference is still lacking among art historians, architects, structural and geotechnical engineers. The complexity of the subject is such that a shared frame of reference is still lacking among art historians, architects, architectural and geotechnical engineers. And while there are exemplary cases of an integral approach to each building element with its static and architectural function, as a material witness to the culture and construction techniques of the original historical period, there are still examples of uncritical reliance on modern technology leading to the substitution from earlier structures to new ones, preserving only the iconic look of the original monument. Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III collects the contributions to the eponymous 3rd International ISSMGE TC301 Symposium (Naples, Italy, 22-24 June 2022). The papers cover a wide range of topics, which include: 　 - Principles of conservation, maintenance strategies, case histories - The knowledge: investigations and monitoring - Seismic risk, site effects, soil structure interaction - Effects of urban development and tunnelling on built heritage - Preservation of diffuse heritage: soil instability, subsidence, environmental damages The present volume aims at geotechnical engineers and academics involved in the preservation of monuments and historic sites worldwide

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering

This open access book is a collection of accepted papers from the 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering (ICCE2021). Researchers and engineers have discussed and presented around three major topics, i.e., construction and structural mechanics, building materials, and transportation and traffic. The content provide new ideas and practical experiences for both scientists and professionals

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering

This open access book is a collection of accepted papers from the 8th International Conference on Civil Engineering (ICCE2021). Researchers and engineers have discussed and presented around three major topics, i.e., construction and structural mechanics, building materials, and transportation and traffic. The content provide new ideas and practical experiences for both scientists and professionals

ISGSR 2011 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk

Scientific standards applicable to publication of BAWProceedings: http://izw.baw.de/publikationen/vzb_dokumente_oeffentlich/0/2020_07_BAW_Scientific_standards_conference_proceedings.pd

FLOWPATH 2019 – NATIONAL MEETING ON HYDROGEOLOGY

FLOWPATH 2019, the 4th National Meeting on Hydrogeology, was held in Milan from 12th to 14th June 2019. According to the aim of the previous Editions of FLOWPATH, held in Bologna (2012), Viterbo (2014) and Cagliari (2017), the conference is an opportunity for Italian hydrogeologists to exchange ideas and knowledge on different groundwater issues. The objectives of the conference are: – To promote dialogue and exchange of scientific knowledge among young hydrogeologists; – To deepen the theoretical and practical aspects of our understanding on groundwater; – To update all the stakeholders, researchers and professionals on recent challenges in the hydrogeological sciences; – To encourage researchers, professionals and administrators to contribute to the improvement of water resources management

Fortgeschrittene InSAR Methodologie zum Studium vom Bodensenkung und Rissbildung aufgrund von Grundwasserentnahmen im Tal von Mexiko

Radar remote sensing techniques are well suited for deformation studies. The Mexico City subsidence,for example, has been mapped using both the conventional and multi-temporal methods; however, no complete characterization and detailed temporal analysis of the land settlement in the entire Valley of Mexico, covering the lakebed of the five ancient lakes (Chalco, Xochimilco, Texcoco, Xaltocan and Zumpango) has been performed until now. In this work, we mapped and analysed the subsidence and associated earth fissuring in the Valley by exploiting, for the first time, the Small Baseline method from StaMPS. The inversion methodology was studied in detail and interpreted, and the algorithm was adjusted to select a spatial reference on the basis of the surface geology information. This extended algorithm was assessed by comparing the results obtained with existing ones particularly over the southern Valley. Furthermore, unwrapping and quality of the times series were analysed using maps of system misclosure. Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm adapts adequately to the study area. Detailed ERS and ENVISAT conventional and multi-temporal InSAR analysis for the 1999-2000 and 2002-2010 periods, respectively, were performed on northern Valley of Mexico. Both urban and rural areas are experiencing subsidence, and rapid rates were found in densely populated areas or where sizeable volumes of water are used for crop irrigation. Time series were used to evaluate the impact of the subsidence on important infrastructure such as the Tunel Emisor Oriente. As second main aspect, the flexibility of the proposed InSAR algorithm to identify points undergoing non-linear deformation was exploited to develop a methodology that contributes to the location of soil fractures and to the understanding of their dynamics. Fissure-prone zones identified by this method, effectively coincided with existing records of ground failures. The fracture trigger mechanisms are furthermore discussed and evaluated where notable acceleration or deceleration is found. The proposed soil fracture identification approach provided useful and valuable information for improving the vulnerability maps in the area.Radarfernerkundungstechniken sind gut geeignet um Deformationsprozesse zu studieren. Beispielsweise wurden die Setzungen in Mexico City mit konventionellen und multitemporalen Methoden erfasst; allerdings wurde bis jetzt keine komplette Charakterisierung und detaillierte zeitliche Analyse der Landbesiedelung im gesamten Tal von Mexiko, die das Seebett von fünf ehemaligen Seen (Chalco, Xochimilco, Texcoco, Xaltocan und Zumpango) beinhaltet, durchgeführt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Bodensenkungen und die dazugehörigen Boden-Brüche im Tal von Mexiko mit Hilfe der Small Baseline Methode von StaMPS kartiert und analysiert. Die dazugehörige Inversionsmethode wurde im Detail studiert und interpretiert und dieser Algorithmus auf Basis der geologischen Information so angepasst, dass die Ergebnisse als räumliche Referenz dienen können. Dieser erweiterte Algorithmus wurde durch den Vergleich mit existierenden Ergebnissen aus dem südlichen Tal validiert. Das „Unwrapping“ und die Qualität der Zeitreihen wurden mit statistischen Verfahren bewertet. Detaillierte Analysen von ERS- und ENVISAT-Daten mit konventionellem und multitemporalem InSAR für die Zeiträume von 1999-2000 und von 2002-2010 wurden im Norden des Talbereiches von Mexico durchgeführt. Sowohl die städtischen als auch die ländlichen Bereiche erfahren Bodensenkungen. Große Setzungsraten wurden besonders in dicht bevölkerten Gebieten gefunden oder in Bereichen mit beträchtlicher Wasserentnahme zur Feldbewässerung. Die Zeitreihen wurden verwendet um die Auswirkungen der GW-Entnahme auf wichtige Infrastrukturprojekte zu bewerten,z.B. den Tunel Emisor Oriente. Als weiterer Schwerpunkt wurde die Flexibilität des verwendeten InSAR Algorithmus genutzt, um nichtlineare Verformung zu identifizieren und eine Methode zur Lokalisierung von Boden-Bruchzonen zu entwickeln und um ihre Dynamik zu verstehen. Die Lage der mit dieser Methode identifizierten Bruchzonen stimmt mit existierenden Aufzeichnungen von Bruchaktivitäten überein. Die Bruchauslösemechanismen werden an den Stellen diskutiert und bewertet, an denen deutliche Beschleunigungen oder Verzögerungen erkannt wurden. Der vorgestellte Ansatz zur Identifikation der Brüche stellt nützliche und wertvolle Informationen für die Verbesserung der Schadenskarten in diesem Gebiet dar

Advanced numerical analysis of tunnel behaviour in structured clayey soils under seismic loading

PhD ThesisTunnels are crucial components of transportation networks and considered as “lifeline” utilities as their continued operation is of vital importance during and in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake. It is, therefore, imperative to assess the engineering performance of such important geotechnical structures to ensure their resilience during and after seismic events. To achieve an accurate prediction of the tunnel behaviour during earthquake, a better approach should be implemented that can capture the multi-directional propagation of the seismic waves and the realistic soil response to seismic loads. Seismic wave propagation has an arbitrary direction with respect to the axis of the structure that causes multi-directional loading for the soil deposit and tunnel lining. Two-dimensional (2D) simplifications of these three-dimensional (3D) effects can impact the seismic response of tunnels and underestimate the lining forces. Furthermore, most natural soils particularly natural clays are characterised by high stiffness and peak strength due to initial structure. Extreme events such as an earthquake can induce sufficient stiffness degradation in the soil associated to strainsoftening processes. Under such condition, the initial structure and its progressive destructuration may significantly alter the soil behaviour and its interaction with the tunnels. This dissertation investigates and presents novel results from advanced numerical simulations of the behaviour of shallow circular tunnels in natural clays accounting for soil structure degradation induced by earthquake loading. Moreover, it adopts 3D space model applying multi-directional seismic input motions. Notably, the results show that the soil destructuration facilitates the transmission of higher loads in the longitudinal lining forces while reducing the transverse lining forces. All these studies highlight for the first time the importance of the initial structure and its degradation and the benefits of the 3D approach in controlling the magnitude of the tunnel lining forces and, consequently, the overall seismic tunnel design

Green Low-Carbon Technology for Metalliferous Minerals

Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development

Second report: development of site suitability criteria for the high level waste repository for Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

Results are presented of mining and geotechnical studies provided to the University in support of the development of site suitability criteria. The work involved literature research, further evaluation of geotechnical and mining site suitability factors, further development of specific geotechnical descriptions and coefficients relating to uncertainties, additional documentation of descriptors and coefficients developed for the Cycle II model, and geotechnical and mining guidance to the overall LLL site suitability work. Work results are summarized in sections on general site suitability, geotechnical data base, descriptors and coefficients, uncertainty considerations, natural resources, hydrology, geology, and documentation. (JRD