546 research outputs found

    Sobre el status de Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hormen

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    On the status of Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex HormenPalabras clave. Taxonomía vegetal, Solanaceae, Physalis.Key words. Plant Taxonomy, Solanaceae, Physalis

    Aislamiento e identificación de volátiles de Physalis philadelphica LAM

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    El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar los componentes volátiles del tomate de cáscara Physalis philadelphica Lam. Por lavado con hexano, aireación dinámica (AD) y micro extracción en fase sólida (MEFS) se aislaron volátiles de P. philadelphica, los cuales se analizaron e identificaron por cromatografía de gases (CG) y CG acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). Los compuestos recolectados por AD y MEFS se identificaron como salicilato de metilo, β-cariofileno, β-pineno, alcohol bencílico, 3-careno, β-elemeno, decanal y germacreno D. Los componentes recolectados lavando las plantas con hexano fueron β-cariofileno, linolenato de etilo, salicilato de metilo, β-pineno, ácido hexadecanoico, linolenato de metilo, alcohol bencílico, germacreno D, 3-careno, β-elemeno y decanal

    Modelado de los factores ambientales que determinan la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de physalis

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    Modelado de la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de Physalis. Lugares con distribución potencial y real de especies de Physalis (tomatillos)El modelado de la distribución de especies sinantrópicas (malezas) y los factores ambientales que determinan dicha distribución han sido poco estudiados. Physalis tiene 90 especies distribuidas en las Américas, y algunas especies en el Viejo Mundo. México alberga cerca de 70 especies y aproximadamente 35 son endémicas. La sección Angulatae incluye diez especies, todas sinantrópicas en mayor o menor grado. Las especies se concentran en la Sierra Madre Occidental, la Sierra Madre del Sur y en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar e identifi car las variables ambientales que determinan la distribución potencial de las diez especies de Physalis sección Angulatae. Se emplearon 524 registros revisados por especialistas en la taxonomía del grupo y 20 variables ambientales; de éstas 12 fueron climáticas, tres edáfi cas, dos de cobertura de la vegetación y tres de atributos topográfi cos. Los modelos se calcularon con el algoritmo Maxent. Los resultados del modelado mostraron que el hábitat más adecuado para la persistencia de ocho especies se defi nió por el índice normalizado diferencial de vegetación en los meses secos del año, la materia orgánica del suelo, la altitud y el aspecto, las cuales en conjunto explicaron entre el 73 y el 91 % de la variación en su distribución. Otros factores como la precipitación total anual y la isotermalidad determinaron la distribución de P. crassifolia y de P. glabra, respectivamente. El índice normalizado diferencial de la vegetación y las propiedades de los suelos, son predictores determinantes en la distribución potencial de las especies de la sección Angulatae. Palabras clave: máxima entropía, predictores ambientales, sección Angulatae, tomatillos. Abstract: The modeling of the distribution of synanthropic (weedy) species and the environmental factors that determine their distribution is not well studied. Physalis has 90 species distributed in the Americas, and several in the Old World. Mexico harbors about 70 species and approximately 35 are endemic. The section Angulatae includes 10 species, all synanthropic to some degree. The species tended to concentrate in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. The aim of this work was to model and identify the environmental variables that determine the potential distribution of the ten species of Physalis sect. Angulatae. A total of 524 records that had been verifi ed by the taxonomic experts of the group and 20 environmental variables were used; 12 were climatic, and the other eight were novel and of different types: three soil properties, two normalized differential vegetation indexes and three topographic attributes. The models were obtained with the Maxent algorithm. The results of the modelling showed that the most suitable habitat for the persistence of eight species was delimited by the normalized differential vegetation index during the dry months of the year, the soil organic matter, the elevation and the aspect, which together explained between the 73 and 91 % of the variation in its distribution. Other groups of factors like total precipitation and isthermality determined the distribution of P. crassifolia and P. glabra, respectively. We show that the novel environmental factors such as the normalized differential vegetation index and the soil properties were decisive predictors in the potential distribution of the species in the section Angulatae.Conacy

    La Sinantropía de especies de Physalis

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    Physalis section Angulatae is an ideal model to study the synanthropy, because the 10 species that it includes are distributed in environments modified by man. In this study the relationship between a synanthropic index with morphological and growth characteristics of eight species of this section was determined. The cultivation was carried out under rainfed conditions, in Texcoco, Mexico and irrigated in Tlaquiltenango, Morelos. Destructive sampling in flowering and fruiting; 7 morphological and 3 physiological variables were recorded. Statistical analysis revealed that Physalis philadelphica in the first term and P. angulata in the second presented the highest values in all variables under study. It was confirmed that P. philadelphica with a higher synanthropic index had a more vigorous growth and produced more fruits, seeds and dry matter. The variables that showed a higher correlation coefficient with the synanthropic index were leaf area (0.82 ** and 0.85 **) and fruit dry weight (0.83 ** and 0.82 **) for Texcoco and Tlalquiltenango, respectively. The regression equations between the synanthropic index with the leaf area variables and the number of seeds indicate a greater adaptation of Physalis to the anthropogenic conditions in both localities.Physalis sección Angulatae es un modelo ideal para estudiar la sinantropía, debido a que las 10 especies que incluye se distribuyen en ambientes modificados por el hombre. En este estudio, se determinó la relación entre un índice de sinantropía con características morfológicas y de crecimiento de ocho especies de esta sección. El cultivo se efectuó bajo condiciones de temporal, en Texcoco, México y de riego en Tlaquiltenango, Morelos. Se hicieron muestreos destructivos en floración y fructificación; se registraron 7 variables morfológicas y 3 fisiológicas. El análisis estadístico reveló que Physalis philadelphica en primer término y P. angulata en segundo, presentaron los valores mayores en todas las variables bajo estudio. Se confirmó que P. philadelphica con un índice sinantrópico mayor tuvo un crecimiento más vigoroso y produjo más frutos, semillas y materia seca. Las variables que presentaron un coeficiente de correlación mayor con el índice de sinantropía fueron área foliar (0.82** y 0.85**) y peso seco de fruto (0.83** y 0.82**) para Texcoco y Tlalquiltenango, respectivamente. Las ecuaciones de regresión entre el índice de sinantropía con las variables área foliar y número de semillas indican mayor adaptación de Physalis a las condiciones antropogénicas en ambas localidades

    Aprovechamiento tradicional de las especies de Physalis en México

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    En México existe una alta diversidad genética de tomate de cáscara (Physalis spp.) silvestre y cultivado. Con el objetivo de revisar los usos que se le atribuyen a las especies del género Physalis en el país, se recopiló la información contenida en los ejemplares de tomate de cáscara de 15 herbarios mexicanos, incluidos el mexu, encb, chap, chapa, ibug, qmex y ansm. Se registraron los usos generales (comestible, industrial, medicinal, trampa vegetal, ornamental, forrajero, como juguete y ceremonial) asociados a 15 especies, que representan 24% de las 70 reconocidas en el territorio mexicano de las que se utiliza la raíz, el tallo, las hojas, el fruto y el cáliz. Por el número de especies involucradas, destacan los usos comestible y medicinal con 11 especies cada uno. En la medida que se conozcan y difundan los usos de las especies cultivadas y silvestres de Physalis y se apropie el proceso de utilización, existirá mayor aprovechamiento de los recursos del taxón y con ello mayor posibilidad de su conservación. Palabras clave: tomate de cáscara, tomate verde, etnobotánica, uso tradicional, diversidad específica. Traditional

    New contributions to the knowledge of the alien flora of the Barcelona province (Catalonia, Spain)

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    In this contribution we provide new records of 20 non-native vacular plants for Barcelona province observed between 2014 and 2016. The following taxa are new for Europe: Baccharis salicifolia, Enneapogon cenchroides, Lonicera fragrantissima, Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale and Selenicereus grandiflorus; three are first records for the Iberian Peninsula: Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Phymosia umbellata and Salvia hispanica; Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia is new for Spain and Physalis philadelphica is new for Catalonia. In addition, several new local records are provided for 10 taxa.En aquest treball aportem dades sobre la presència de 20 plantes vasculars al·lòctones trobades a la província de Barcelona durant el període 2014-2016. Els tàxons següents suposen novetat per a la flora d'Europa: Baccharis salicifolia, Enneapogon cenchroides, Lonicera fragrantissima, Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale i Selenicereus grandiflorus; tres són espècies noves per a la península Ibèrica: Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Phymosia umbellata i Salvia hispanica; Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia és novetat per a Espanya i Physalis philadelphica per a Catalunya. D'altra banda, s'aporten noves citacions a escala local per a 10 tàxons.En este trabajo aportamos datos sobre la presencia de 20 plantas vasculares alóctonas encontradas en la provincia de Barcelona durante el período 2014-2016. Los siguientes taxones suponen novedad para la flora de Europa: Baccharis salicifolia, Enneapogon cenchroides, Lonicera fragrantissima, Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale y Selenicereus grandiflorus; tres son nuevas especies para la península Ibérica: Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Phymosia umbellata y Salvia hispanica; Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia es novedad para España y Physalis philadelphica para Cataluña. Además, se aportan nuevas citas a escala local para 10 taxones

    Withanolides and related steroids

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    Since the isolation of the first withanolides in the mid-1960s, over 600 new members of this group of compounds have been described, with most from genera of the plant family Solanaceae. The basic structure of withaferin A, a C28 ergostane with a modified side chain forming a δ-lactone between carbons 22 and 26, was considered for many years the basic template for the withanolides. Nowadays, a considerable number of related structures are also considered part of the withanolide class; among them are those containing γ-lactones in the side chain that have come to be at least as common as the δ-lactones. The reduced versions (γ and δ-lactols) are also known. Further structural variations include modified skeletons (including C27 compounds), aromatic rings and additional rings, which may coexist in a single plant species. Seasonal and geographical variations have also been described in the concentration levels and types of withanolides that may occur, especially in the Jaborosa and Salpichroa genera, and biogenetic relationships among those withanolides may be inferred from the structural variations detected. Withania is the parent genus of the withanolides and a special section is devoted to the new structures isolated from species in this genus. Following this, all other new structures are grouped by structural types. Many withanolides have shown a variety of interesting biological activities ranging from antitumor, cytotoxic and potential cancer chemopreventive effects, to feeding deterrence for several insects as well as selective phytotoxicity towards monocotyledoneous and dicotyledoneous species. Trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, antibacterial, and antifungal activities have also been reported. A comprehensive description of the different activities and their significance has been included in this chapter. The final section is devoted to chemotaxonomic implications of withanolide distribution within the Solanaceae. Overall, this chapter covers the advances in the chemistry and biology of withanolides over the last 16 years.Fil: Misico, Rosana Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica (i); ArgentinaFil: Nicotra, V.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Oberti, Juan Carlos María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Gil, Roberto Ricardo. University Of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Burton, Gerardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica (i); Argentin

    North American Bioactive Plants for Human Health and Performance

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    Native and naturalized bioactive plants of the Canadian and American temperate biome are examined for their health and performance enhancement properties. Some of these plants are now being used as natural health products, and many have a long history as traditional foods and/or medicines with indigenous groups. This paper reviews the medicinal/cultural uses and bioactive properties of selected plant families: the Holly family (Aquifoliaceae) as stimulants, the Celery family (Apiaceae) as normoglycemic aids and analgesics, the Ginseng family (Araliaceae) as energy- boosting aids, the Sunflower family (Compositae) as anti-inflammatory aids, and the Legume family (Fabaceae) and Nightshade family (Solanaceae) as functional foods. These North American plants show promising avenues for innovative health and performance enhancement aids and it is concluded that they should be investigated further for their bioactive properties

    Assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India

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    The field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Horticulture Garden, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014-15 for assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of cape gooseberry in India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having twelve genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studies which suggesting sufficient variability for yield and quality parameters. The overall values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than those of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV). Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for fruit per plant percent (33.30 and 36.61) followed by fruit diameter, fruit weight and flowers per branch. The maximum GCV (33.30) and PCV (36.61) were recorded in fruits/plant respectively. The high values of GCV are the indication of excess variability among the genotypes and thus the scope for crop improvement depends on the selection of superior parents for crossing to get better parents for hybridization. In present study, the magnitude of heritability ranged from 37% to 98% indicating that these traits are controlled by additive gene action which is very useful in selection. The traits like plant girth, plant height, inter nodal length, appearance of 50% of flowering, bud break to full bloom, number of flowers per branch, number of fruits set per branch, duration of fruit set to maturity, fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant with high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean, indicating that these characters are under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective selection

    Notas sobre flora alóctona leonesa

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    Notes on non-native flora from LeónPalabras clave. Flora alóctona, aliens, flora invasora, corología, León, España.Key words. Non-native flora, alien flora, invasive flora, chorology, León, Spain
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