Old School Catalog 1924-25, The School of Pharmacy

https://scholar.valpo.edu/oldschoolcatalogs/1001/thumbnail.jp

Old School Catalog 1921-22, The School of Pharmacy

https://scholar.valpo.edu/oldschoolcatalogs/1089/thumbnail.jp

Old School Catalog 1911-12, Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery

https://scholar.valpo.edu/oldschoolcatalogs/1015/thumbnail.jp

Old School Catalog 1909-10, Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery

https://scholar.valpo.edu/oldschoolcatalogs/1019/thumbnail.jp

Medicinal Mandala: Potency in Spatiality

This article explores the complexities of accomplishing potency, nüpa (nus pa), within a Tibetan healing, rejuvenation, and longevity ritual practice known as ‘medicinal accomplishment,’ mendrup (sman sgrub). The study is based on the observation and examination of the Light-Swirled Mendrup performed in the Tibetan exile Bonpo community in Nepal in 2012. The mendrup represents a meditative sādhana practice, which involves the production and consecration of ritual materia medica derived from the Tibetan medical Sowa Rigpa tradition as well as Buddhist tantric heritage. The article analyzes the generation of potency based on spatiality within the mendrup ritual—the potency of the ritual itself and of its main substance, the consecrated ritual materia medica referred to as ‘mendrup medicine.’ It argues that within its cosmological scheme, the mendrup ritual follows a spatial pattern of categorization of substances that impacts their potency based on their pharmacological properties and effects. This categorization reflects the ritual’s categorization of diseases. The ritual incorporates various spheres of knowledge into its notions of potency, such as medicine, pharmacy, and botany. The organizational cosmological scheme of the ritual, with its central mandala comprising the five directions and the five fundamental elements, structures the space of the ritual, and also its consecrated medicines. The scheme structures and generates the potency of the ‘mendrup medicine’ substance. Other aspects co-create the potency: the deities invoked, the acting religious figures and their blessings, suitable medicinal ingredients used, the right ‘fermenting agent,’ the depth of meditation of the performers, proper empowerment practices, and the time and space of the rite. This study shows that it is also the allocation of specific substances into particular spatial arrangements that makes them potent, especially in relation to the whole of the ritual space. The Bonpo Light-Swirled Mendrup creates this structure of potency through its fivefold mandalic scheme typical of tantric ritual

Clinical Pharmacology in the UK, c.1950-2000: Influences and Institutions

Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2008.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2008.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 6 February 2007. Introduction by Dr Mark Walport, The Wellcome Trust.The history of clinical pharmacology in the UK over the last half of the twentieth century is largely untold. Many important new drugs were developed and brought to market in the 1950s and 1960s ensuring the need for more systematic knowledge of drug effects in humans and also providing new career opportunities in teaching, research and practice. The 30th anniversary of the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology in 2004 and the 75th anniversary of the British Pharmacological Society in 2006 had prompted reflections from practicing clinical pharmacologists. It was timely, therefore, to bring together clinical pharmacologists and others who have shaped the discipline, to promote historical analysis and debate. Chaired by Professor Rod Flower, the meeting considered such questions as: What was/is clinical pharmacology? Which were the main centres of influence? Who and what were the main drivers? Who became clinical pharmacologists and why? What was the significance of specialized societies, meetings and journals? Participants included Dr Stuart Anderson, Dr Jeffrey Aronson, Professor David Barnett, Dr Linda Beeley, Professor Sir James Black, Professor Morris Brown, Professor Mark Caulfield, Sir Iain Chalmers, Professor Donald Davies, Professor Robin Ferner, Dr Arthur Fowle, Professor Sir Charles George, Professor David Gordon, Professor David Grahame-Smith, Dr Andrew Herxheimer, Dr Kenneth Hunter, Professor Trevor Jones, Professor Desmond Laurence, Professor Denis McDevitt, Professor Walter Nimmo, Professor Michael Orme, Dr Anthony Peck, Professor Laurie Prescott, Professor Brian Prichard, Professor John Reid, Professor James Ritter, Professor Philip Routledge, Professor Tilli Tansey, Professor Geoffrey Tucker, Professor Patrick Vallance, Professor Duncan Vere, the late Professor Owen Wade, Professor David Webb and Professor Frank Woods. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2008) Clinical pharmacology in the UK, c. 1950–2000: Influences and institutions. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 33. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL is funded by the Wellcome a registered charity, no. 210183

Structures of antifeminism: Drugs and women’s education in the texts of Dr. Clarke

Focusing on Dr. Edward Hammond Clarke, this article explores the formal structures linking nineteenth-century texts about drug abuse and women’s education. Although Clarke’s Sex in Education (1873) has been extensively studied for its antifeminist arguments, this article is unique in incorporating the materia medica (pharmacy) lectures he delivered at Harvard. Through the similar organization and use of clinical case reports in both types of texts, Clarke framed women’s education as a potentially dangerous drug, and encouraged the treatment of female students as objects of medical research. This article analyzes formal patterns linking pharmaceutical literature with antifeminist arguments against women’s education

Garuda 5 (khyung lnga): Ecologies of Potency and the Poison-Medicine Spectrum of Sowa Rigpa’s Renowned ‘Black Aconite’ Formula

This article focuses on ethnographic work conducted at the Men-Tsee-Khang (Dharamsala, India) on Garuda 5 (khyung lnga), a commonly prescribed Tibetan medical formula. This medicine’s efficacy as a painkiller and activity against infection and inflammation is largely due to a particularly powerful plant, known as ‘virulent poison’ (btsan dug) as well as ‘the great medicine’ (sman chen), and identified as a subset of Aconitum species. Its effects, however, are potentially dangerous or even deadly. How can these poisonous plants be used in medicine and, conversely, when does a medicine become a poison? How can ostensibly the same substance be both harmful and helpful? The explanation requires a more nuanced picture than mere dose dependency. Attending to the broader ‘ecologies of potency’ in which these substances are locally enmeshed, in line with Sienna Craig’s Efficacy and the Social Ecologies of Tibetan Medicine (2012), provides fertile ground to better understand the effects of Garuda 5 and how potency is developed and directed in practice. I aim to unpack the spectrum between sman (medicine) and dug (poison) in Sowa Rigpa by elucidating some of the multiple dimensions which determine the activity of Garuda 5 as it is formulated and prescribed in India. I thus embrace the full spectrum of potency— the ‘good’ and the ‘bad,’ the ‘wanted’ and the ‘unwanted’—without presuming the universal validity of biomedical notions of toxicity and side effects

Snakestones: sources, samples and suppliers. An alexipharmic in the European medical market

Focussing on the understudied area of non-herbal materia medica and using a highly interdisciplinary approach, this submission presents new and important conclusions regarding snakestones and their role in the European medical market, which fills multiple gaps in the current knowledge. Among its key findings, it provides the first categorisation of the different types of snakestone and identifies distinctive Scottish, Cornish and Welsh variants of the ‘snakestone bead’ folklore. It considers in depth the history, folklore and purported therapeutic uses of snakestones across Europe. Snakestones are also used as a vehicle by which aspects of the wider history of medicine and pharmacy, and connections with other fields of historical research, are explored. This work considers the role of snakestones in the Early Modern medical market; it examines snakestones themselves from an object-remedy perspective, as well as evaluating the scale and manner of their transmission. Previously unpublished archival evidence affords an opportunity to examine the circumstances in which a single snakestone was transmitted from Indonesia to England, and in so doing, explores the ways in which scientific societies sought information about overseas flora, fauna and phenomena, as well as how they obtained samples for their collections. This thesis also explores the interplay between overseas materia medica as a source of academic study, practical medical use, collection and display. This work provides new and important insights into snakestones as a remedy, complementing and extending existing scholarship surrounding Early Modern pharmaceuticals, as well as into snakebite treatments; the Early Modern medical marketplace; the interplay between natural and supernatural ailments and their treatments; scientific societies and their networks; the circulation of materia medica; and the role of medicine in the history of collecting