The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic evidence supporting this relationship is surprisingly limited. In a recent study, Acemoglu and Linn (2004) identified market size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) to examine the contribution of public research to pharmaceutical innovation. The empirical analysis finds that both market size and NIH funded basic research have economically and statistically significant effects on the entry of new drugs with the contribution of public basic research coming in the earliest stage of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The analysis also finds a positive return to public investment in basic biomedical research. --R&D,NIH,social return,biomedical,research lags,public science,new molecular entities

Effects of pharmaceutical wastes on growth of microalgae

The purpose of this work was to assay samples of waste material from Puerto Rican pharmaceutical industries for inhibition of growth of algae. Two samples (noted as I and II) supplied to us were tested for toxicity to six microalgae. The test organisms, two blue-green algae, two green algae, and two diatoms [r]epresent three major divisions of algae.University of Texas Marine Science InstituteMarine Scienc

Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA) as Predictor of Performance on NAPLEX

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to respond to students’ inquiry regarding the relationship between student performance on the PCOA administered in early spring of the P3 year and performance on the NAPLEX administered post-graduation. Method: PCOA scores for two of the four content areas, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Sciences, resulting from administration of the assessment for P3 students in 2012 and 2013 were compared to the same student scores for the 2013 and 2014 NAPLEX taken post-graduation. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the linear correlation between the two sets of exam scores. Additionally, a linear regression was used to explain the predictor, PCOA, variability on the NAPLEX Score. Results: The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient for the combined PCOA content areas, Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Science scores, was r=.572. A linear regression established that PCOA Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Science scores could statistically significantly predict NAPLEX scores, p Implications: Students taking the PCOA exam in the P3 year of their PharmD program may find value in using their performance on the assessment in the areas of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Science to predict their performance on the NAPLEX which is blueprinted to these areas of study

Siena Italian Studies

STEP Category: Education AbroadSynopsis of an 8 week study abroad program in Siena, Italy.The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)Academic Major: Pharmaceutical Science

Geographic proximity and firm-university innovation linkages: evidence from Great Britain

We investigate evidence for spatially mediated knowledge transfer from university research. We examine whether firms locate their R&D labs near universities, and whether those that do are more likely to co-operate with, or source knowledge from universities. We find that pharmaceutical firms locate R&D near to frontier chemistry research departments, consistent with accessing localised knowledge spillovers, but also linked to the presence of science parks. In industries such as chemicals and vehicles there is less evidence of immediate co-location, but those innovative firms that do locate near to relevant research departments are more likely to engage with universities

Recent advances in pharmaceutical sciences VII

The E-book series Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences reports research contributions from different areas of the multidisciplinary field of Pharmaceutical Sciences. This seventh volume consists of nine chapters, mainly dealing with the fields of botany, physiology, food science, biochemistry & molecular biology, plant physiology, microbiology, parasitology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry

Patent Trend in Research Centers at Cibinong Science and Technology Park Surrounding for Determining Technology Focus

. Focusing in a specific technology sector would be a great strategy for early developed Science and Technology Park (STP) especially in Indonesia. Each STP has its own concept considering the resources and technology supply. This should be main considerations in determining STP focus. Cibinong Science and Technology Park (CSTP) is surrounded by 4 research centers, and Center for Innovation. Their patent database within 5 years has been studied to determine CSTP focus. By using qualitative method and descriptive analysis, the results showed that the top priority is agriculture, followed by pharmaceutical. Moreover, the strategic areas for development in agriculture sector include: soil working; horticulture; preservation of bodies; and biocides. And in pharmaceutical sub sector includes: preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes; specific therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations; and heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, China can be a benchmark for technology development in agriculture, while US for technology development in pharmaceutical

Geographic proximity and firm-university innovation linkages: evidence from Great Britain

We investigate evidence for spatially mediated knowledge transfer from university research. We examine whether firms locate their R&D labs near universities, and whether those that do are more likely to co-operate with, or source knowledge from universities. We find that pharmaceutical firms locate R&D near to frontier chemistry research departments, consistent with accessing localised knowledge spillovers, but also linked to the presence of science parks. In industries such as chemicals and vehicles there is less evidence of immediate co-location, but those innovative firms that do locate near to relevant research departments are more likely to engage with universities.Innovation, geography, spillovers, public research

A Comparison of U. S. and European University-Industry Relations in the Life Sciences

We draw on diverse data sets to compare the institutional organization of upstream life science research across the United States and Europe. Understanding cross-national differences in the organization of innovative labor in the life sciences requires attention to the structure and evolution of biomedical networks involving public research organizations (universities, government laboratories, nonprofit research institutes, and research hospitals), science-based biotechnology firms, and multinational pharmaceutical corporations. We use network visualization methods and correspondence analyses to demonstrate that innovative research in biomedicine has its origins in regional clusters in the United States and in European nations. But the scientific and organizational composition of these regions varies in consequential ways. In the United States, public research organizations and small firms conduct R&D across multiple therapeutic areas and stages of the development process. Ties within and across these regions link small firms and diverse public institutions, contributing to the development of a robust national network. In contrast, the European story is one of regional specialization with a less diverse group of public research organizations working in a smaller number of therapeutic areas. European institutes develop local connections to small firms working on similar scientific problems, while cross-national linkages of European regional clusters typically involve large pharmaceutical corporations. We show that the roles of large and small firms differ in the United States and Europe, arguing that the greater heterogeneity of the U. S. system is based on much closer integration of basic science and clinical development

2018 High Sierra Leadership Expedition

STEP Category: Leadership2018 High Sierra Leadership Expedition Presentation by Lauren Kobasuk.The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)Academic Major: Pharmaceutical Science