Broker-based service-oriented content adaptation framework

Electronic documents are becoming increasingly rich in content and varied in format and structure. At the same time, user preferences vary towards the contents and their devices are getting increasingly varied in capabilities. This mismatch between rich contents and user preferences along with the end device capability presents a challenge in providing ubiquitous access to these contents. Content adaptation is primarily used to bridge the mismatch by providing users with contents that is tailored to the given contexts e.g., device capability, preferences, or network bandwidth. Existing content adaptation systems employing these approaches such as client-side, server-side or proxy-side adaptation, operate in isolation, often encounter limited adaptation functionality, get overload if too many concurrent users and open to single point of failure, thus limiting the scope and scale of their services. To move beyond these shortcomings, this thesis establishes the basis for developing content adaptation solutions that are efficient and scalable. It presents a framework to enable content adaptation to be consumed as Web services provided by third-party service providers, which is termed as “service-oriented content adaptation”. Towards this perspective, this thesis addresses five key issues – how to enable content adaptation as services (serviceoriented framework); how to locate services in the network (service discovery protocol); how to select best possible services (path determination); how to provide quality assurance (service level agreement (SLA) framework); and how to negotiate quality of service (QoS negotiation). Specifically, we have: (i) identified the key research challenges for service-oriented content adaptation, along with a systematic understanding of the content adaptation research spectrum, captured in a taxonomy of content adaptation systems; (ii) developed an architectural framework that provides the basis for enabling content adaptation as Web services, providing the facilities to serve clients’ content adaptation requests through the client-side brokering; (iii) developed a service discovery protocol, by taking into account the searching space, searching time, match type of the services and physical location of the service providers; (iv) developed a mechanism to choose the best possible combination of services to serve a given content adaptation request, considering QoS levels offered; (v) developed an architectural framework that provides the basis for managing quality through the conceptualization of service level agreement; and (vi) introduced a strategy for QoS negotiation between multiple brokers and service providers, by taking into account the incoming requests and server utilization and, thus requiring the basis of determining serving priority and negotiating new QoS levels. The performance of the proposed solutions are compared with other competitive solutions and shown to be substantially better

Wedding planner in a box

Marriage describes the connection of two souls who promise to become one heart. Everyone dreams their marriage to be nearly perfect and that will happen only if they are able to make their wedding plan with best packages. In this busy world, many couples delay their wedding mainly because of high budget required to meet their dream wedding ceremony. Wedding ceremony requires careful and meticulous planning from many aspects such as choosing the food, make up, decoration, and gifts

Semantically Enriched Text-Based Retrieval in Chemical Digital Libraries

During the last decades, the information gathering process has considerably changed in science, research and development, and the private life. Whereas Web pages for private information seeking are usually accessed using well-known text-based search engines, complex documents for scientific research are often stored in digital libraries and will usually be accessed through domain specific Web portals. Considering the specific domain of chemistry, portals usually rely on graphical user-interfaces allowing for pictorial structure queries. The difficulty with purely text-based searches is that information seeking in chemical documents is generally focused on chemical entities, for which current standard search relies on complex and hard to extract structures. In this thesis, we introduce a retrieval workflow for chemical digital libraries enabling text-based searches. First, we explain how to automatically index chemical documents with high completeness by creating enriched index pages containing different entity representations and synonyms. Next, we analyze different similarity measures for chemical entities. We further describe how to model the chemists’ implicit knowledge to personalize the retrieval process. Furthermore, since users often search for chemical entities occurring in a specific context, we also show how to use contextual information to further enhance the retrieval quality. Since, the annotated context terms will not help for contextual search if the users use different vocabulary, we present an approach that semantically enriches documents with Wikipedia concepts to overcome the vocabulary problem. Since for most queries a huge amount of possibly relevant hits are returned to the user, we further present an approach summarizing the documents’ content using Wikipedia categories. Finally, we present an architecture for a chemical digital library provider combining the different steps enabling semantically enriched text-based retrieval for the chemical domain.Über die letzten Jahre hat sich der Prozess der Informationssuche stark verändert. Während im privaten Bereich meistens über eine text-basierte Websuche auf Informationen zugegriffen wird, erfolgt der Zugriff auf Dokumente für den wissenschaftlichen Gebrauch in der Regel über domänenspezifische Web Portale. Betrachtet man beispielsweise die Domäne der Chemie, basieren Web Portale auf speziellen grafischen Benutzeroberflächen, die gezeichnete, strukturbasierte Anfragen ermöglichen. Da die Informationssuche für chemische Dokumente generell auf chemischen Entitäten basiert, die wiederum aus komplexen Strukturen bestehen, birgt eine reine text-basierte Suche eine Vielzahl von Herausforderungen. In dieser Arbeit entwickeln wir einen Retrieval Workflow für eine chemische digitale Bibliothek, der text-basierte Suchen ermöglicht. Als erstes erzeugen wir für chemische Dokumente semantisch angereicherte Indexseiten. Im Folgenden analysieren wir wie man Ähnlichkeit zwischen chemischen Entitäten bestimmen kann. Im Anschluss zeigen wir wie man das subjektive Relevanzempfinden der Chemiker modellieren kann, um ein personalisiertes Retrieval zu ermöglichen. Dann beschäftigen wir uns mit der Tatsache, dass Benutzer häufig nach chemischen Entitäten suchen, die in einem bestimmten Kontext auftreten. Allerdings sind die annotierten Kontext-Terme nutzlos, falls die Benutzer ein völlig anderes Vokabular verwenden. Deshalb reichern wir die Dokumente semantisch mit Wikipedia Konzepten an um das Problem des unterschiedlichen Vokabulars zu beheben. Da für die meisten Anfragen eine Vielzahl von relevanten Treffern zurückgeliefert wird, präsentieren wir eine Methode um den Inhalt der Dokumente auf übersichtliche Weise mit Hilfe von Wikipedia Kategorien darzustellen. Schlussendlich kombinieren wir die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und stellen eine Architektur für eine chemische digitale Bibliothek vor, die semantisch angereicherte, text-basierte Suchen in der Chemie ermöglicht