Ciclo de vida de hiperlinks: um estudo sobre a persistência e perda de referências e conteúdos da Web

Este estudo foi realizado para investigar as características e o grau de persistência dos links da web. Pesquisadores como Król e Zdonek (2020) demonstram diferentes graus de persistência de links da web, esse trabalho busca apontar os fenômenos como link rot e reference rot que causam falha no acesso do conteúdo direcionado por esses links da web, causando o seu desaparecimento. Koehler (2004) realizou uma das mais extensas pesquisas sobre o tema e apresentou um estudo comparando a persistência de recursos da web. Identificamos o ciclo de vidas dos links da web utilizados como referência bibliográfica em teses do Lume. Concluímos essa tarefa mapeando as teses do Lume, identificando páginas de referência bibliográfica nas teses e extraindo os links da web das páginas selecionadas. As etapas dessa pesquisa são guiadas pelas orientações encontradas em pesquisas correlatas. Criamos categorias para análise conforme orientações citadas por Dimitrova e Bugeja (2007), demonstrando dessa maneira a persistência dos links nas teses selecionadas. Na literatura científica brasileira identificamos uma escassez de informações sobre a persistência de links da web quando utilizados em referências bibliográficas. Para realização deste estudo, após a definição do Lume como nosso corpus de pesquisa, realizamos a extração dos links da web das referências bibliográficas, uma amostra de 368 teses entre os anos de 2012 e 2021. O conjunto continha 5582 links os quais foram testados para sua disponibilidade, sendo considerados acessíveis ou com falha. Os resultados apontam que apenas 48% dos links utilizados como referência bibliográfica em 2012 ainda estavam acessíveis, uma meia-vida de 8,02 anos foi estimada para o conjunto estudado. O uso de links persistentes e políticas de preservação da web podem contribuir para sua maior persistência.This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics and degree of persistence of web links. Researchers such as Król and Zdonek (2020) demonstrate different degrees of persistence of web links. This work seeks to point out phenomena such as link rot and reference rot that cause failure to access content directed by these web links, causing their disappearance. Koehler (2004) carried out one of the most extensive studies on the subject and presented a study comparing the persistence of web resources. We identified the life cycle of web links used as bibliographic references in Lume theses. We completed this task by mapping Lume theses, identifying bibliographic reference pages in theses, and extracting web links from selected pages. The stages of this research are guided by the guidelines found in related research. We created categories for analysis according to guidelines cited by Dimitrova and Bugeja (2007), thus demonstrating the persistence of links in selected theses. In the Brazilian scientific literature, we identified a lack of information about the persistence of web links when used in bibliographic references. To carry out this study, after defining Lume as our research corpus, we extracted web links from bibliographic references, a sample of 368 theses between 2012 and 2021. The set contained 5582 links that were tested for their availability, being considered accessible or failing. The results indicate that only 48% of the links used as bibliographic references in 2012 were still accessible. A half-life of 8.02 years was estimated for the studied set. Persistent links and web preservation policies can contribute to its greater persistence

COEL: A Web-based Chemistry Simulation Framework

The chemical reaction network (CRN) is a widely used formalism to describe macroscopic behavior of chemical systems. Available tools for CRN modelling and simulation require local access, installation, and often involve local file storage, which is susceptible to loss, lacks searchable structure, and does not support concurrency. Furthermore, simulations are often single-threaded, and user interfaces are non-trivial to use. Therefore there are significant hurdles to conducting efficient and collaborative chemical research. In this paper, we introduce a new enterprise chemistry simulation framework, COEL, which addresses these issues. COEL is the first web-based framework of its kind. A visually pleasing and intuitive user interface, simulations that run on a large computational grid, reliable database storage, and transactional services make COEL ideal for collaborative research and education. COEL's most prominent features include ODE-based simulations of chemical reaction networks and multicompartment reaction networks, with rich options for user interactions with those networks. COEL provides DNA-strand displacement transformations and visualization (and is to our knowledge the first CRN framework to do so), GA optimization of rate constants, expression validation, an application-wide plotting engine, and SBML/Octave/Matlab export. We also present an overview of the underlying software and technologies employed and describe the main architectural decisions driving our development. COEL is available at http://coel-sim.org for selected research teams only. We plan to provide a part of COEL's functionality to the general public in the near future.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl

Analyzing the Persistence of Referenced Web Resources with Memento

In this paper we present the results of a study into the persistence and availability of web resources referenced from papers in scholarly repositories. Two repositories with different characteristics, arXiv and the UNT digital library, are studied to determine if the nature of the repository, or of its content, has a bearing on the availability of the web resources cited by that content. Memento makes it possible to automate discovery of archived resources and to consider the time between the publication of the research and the archiving of the referenced URLs. This automation allows us to process more than 160000 URLs, the largest known such study, and the repository metadata allows consideration of the results by discipline. The results are startling: 45% (66096) of the URLs referenced from arXiv still exist, but are not preserved for future generations, and 28% of resources referenced by UNT papers have been lost. Moving forwards, we provide some initial recommendations, including that repositories should publish URL lists extracted from papers that could be used as seeds for web archiving systems.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to Open Repositories 2011 Conferenc

Citation and peer review of data: moving towards formal data publication

This paper discusses many of the issues associated with formally publishing data in academia, focusing primarily on the structures that need to be put in place for peer review and formal citation of datasets. Data publication is becoming increasingly important to the scientific community, as it will provide a mechanism for those who create data to receive academic credit for their work and will allow the conclusions arising from an analysis to be more readily verifiable, thus promoting transparency in the scientific process. Peer review of data will also provide a mechanism for ensuring the quality of datasets, and we provide suggestions on the types of activities one expects to see in the peer review of data. A simple taxonomy of data publication methodologies is presented and evaluated, and the paper concludes with a discussion of dataset granularity, transience and semantics, along with a recommended human-readable citation syntax

Eprints and the Open Archives Initiative

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) was created as a practical way to promote interoperability between eprint repositories. Although the scope of the OAI has been broadened, eprint repositories still represent a significant fraction of OAI data providers. In this article I present a brief survey of OAI eprint repositories, and of services using metadata harvested from eprint repositories using the OAI protocol for metadata harvesting (OAI-PMH). I then discuss several situations where metadata harvesting may be used to further improve the utility of eprint archives as a component of the scholarly communication infrastructure.Comment: 13 page

Biodiversity informatics: the challenge of linking data and the role of shared identifiers

A major challenge facing biodiversity informatics is integrating data stored in widely distributed databases. Initial efforts have relied on taxonomic names as the shared identifier linking records in different databases. However, taxonomic names have limitations as identifiers, being neither stable nor globally unique, and the pace of molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic research means that a lot of information in public sequence databases is not linked to formal taxonomic names. This review explores the use of other identifiers, such as specimen codes and GenBank accession numbers, to link otherwise disconnected facts in different databases. The structure of these links can also be exploited using the PageRank algorithm to rank the results of searches on biodiversity databases. The key to rich integration is a commitment to deploy and reuse globally unique, shared identifiers (such as DOIs and LSIDs), and the implementation of services that link those identifiers

Emotional persistence in online chatting communities

How do users behave in online chatrooms, where they instantaneously read and write posts? We analyzed about 2.5 million posts covering various topics in Internet relay channels, and found that user activity patterns follow known power-law and stretched exponential distributions, indicating that online chat activity is not different from other forms of communication. Analysing the emotional expressions (positive, negative, neutral) of users, we revealed a remarkable persistence both for individual users and channels. I.e. despite their anonymity, users tend to follow social norms in repeated interactions in online chats, which results in a specific emotional "tone" of the channels. We provide an agent-based model of emotional interaction, which recovers qualitatively both the activity patterns in chatrooms and the emotional persistence of users and channels. While our assumptions about agent's emotional expressions are rooted in psychology, the model allows to test different hypothesis regarding their emotional impact in online communication.Comment: 34 pages, 4 main and 12 supplementary figure

Computational Controversy

Climate change, vaccination, abortion, Trump: Many topics are surrounded by fierce controversies. The nature of such heated debates and their elements have been studied extensively in the social science literature. More recently, various computational approaches to controversy analysis have appeared, using new data sources such as Wikipedia, which help us now better understand these phenomena. However, compared to what social sciences have discovered about such debates, the existing computational approaches mostly focus on just a few of the many important aspects around the concept of controversies. In order to link the two strands, we provide and evaluate here a controversy model that is both, rooted in the findings of the social science literature and at the same time strongly linked to computational methods. We show how this model can lead to computational controversy analytics that have full coverage over all the crucial aspects that make up a controversy.Comment: In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Informatics (SocInfo) 201