간섭 환경에서 저전력 무선 센서 네트워킹에 관한 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기·컴퓨터공학부, 2017. 2. 이용환.The demand for commercial deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has rapidly been increasing over the past decade. However, conventional WSN technologies may not be feasible for commercial deployment of large-scale WSNs because of their technical flaws, including limited network scalability, susceptibility to co-channel interference and large signaling overhead. In practice, low-power WSNs seriously suffer from interference generated by coexisting radio systems such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). This interference problem seriously hampers commercial deployment of low-power WSNs. Few commercial WSN chips can provide secure and reliable networking performance in practical operation environments. In this dissertation, we consider performance improvement of low-power WSNs in the presence of co-channel interference. We first investigate the effect of co-channel interference on the transmission of low-power WSN signal, and then design a low-power WSN transceiver that can provide stable performance even in the presence of severe co-channel interference, while providing the backward compatibility with IEEE 802.15.4. We also consider the network connectivity in the presence of co-channel interference. The connectivity of low-power WSNs can be improved by transmitting synchronization signal and making channel hand-off in a channel-aware manner. A beacon signal for the network synchronization is repeatedly transmitted in consideration of channel condition and signaling overhead. Moreover, when the channel is severely interfered, all devices in a cluster network make communications by means of temporary channel hopping and then seamlessly make channel hand-off to the best one among the temporary hopping channels. The performance improvement is verified by computer simulation and experiment using IEEE 802.15.4 motes in real operation environments. Finally, we consider the signal transmission in the presence of co-channel interference. The throughput performance of low-power WSN transceivers can be improved by adjusting the transmission rate and the payload size according to the interference condition. We estimate the probability of transmission failure and the data throughput, and then determine the payload size to maximize the throughput performance. It is shown that the transmission time maximizing the normalized throughput is little affected by the transmission rate, but rather by the interference condition. The transmission rate and the transmission time can independently be adjusted in response to the change of channel and interference condition, respectively. The performance improvement is verified by computer simulation.Chapter 1 1 Chapter 2 11 2.1. ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4-based cluster-tree networks 11 2.2. Performance of IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver 14 Chapter 3 17 3.1. System model 18 3.2. Previous works 21 3.3. Proposed interference management scheme 28 3.4. Performance evaluation 37 Chapter 4 51 4.1. System model 52 4.2. Transmission in the presence of interference 56 4.3. Proposed transmission scheme 60 4.4. Performance evaluation 65 Chapter 5 82 Appendix 85 A. Average synchronization time during frequency hopping 85 B. Derivation of (4.2) 86 References 88 Korean Abstract 97Docto

Exploiting programmable architectures for WiFi/ZigBee inter-technology cooperation

The increasing complexity of wireless standards has shown that protocols cannot be designed once for all possible deployments, especially when unpredictable and mutating interference situations are present due to the coexistence of heterogeneous technologies. As such, flexibility and (re)programmability of wireless devices is crucial in the emerging scenarios of technology proliferation and unpredictable interference conditions. In this paper, we focus on the possibility to improve coexistence performance of WiFi and ZigBee networks by exploiting novel programmable architectures of wireless devices able to support run-time modifications of medium access operations. Differently from software-defined radio (SDR) platforms, in which every function is programmed from scratch, our programmable architectures are based on a clear decoupling between elementary commands (hard-coded into the devices) and programmable protocol logic (injected into the devices) according to which the commands execution is scheduled. Our contribution is two-fold: first, we designed and implemented a cross-technology time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme devised to provide a global synchronization signal and allocate alternating channel intervals to WiFi and ZigBee programmable nodes; second, we used the OMF control framework to define an interference detection and adaptation strategy that in principle could work in independent and autonomous networks. Experimental results prove the benefits of the envisioned solution

Towards efficient coexistence of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and IEEE 802.11

A major challenge in wide deployment of smart wireless devices, using different technologies and sharing the same 2.4 GHz spectrum, is to achieve coexistence across multiple technologies. The IEEE~802.11 (WLAN) and the IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH (WSN) where designed with different goals in mind and both play important roles for respective applications. However, they cause mutual interference and degraded performance while operating in the same space. To improve this situation we propose an approach to enable a cooperative control which type of network is transmitting at given time, frequency and place. We recognize that TSCH based sensor network is expected to occupy only small share of time, and that the nodes are by design tightly synchronized. We develop mechanism enabling over-the-air synchronization of the Wi-Fi network to the TSCH based sensor network. Finally, we show that Wi-Fi network can avoid transmitting in the "collision periods". We provide full design and show prototype implementation based on the Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. Our solution does not require changes in any of the standards.Comment: 8 page

Survey of Spectrum Sharing for Inter-Technology Coexistence

Increasing capacity demands in emerging wireless technologies are expected to be met by network densification and spectrum bands open to multiple technologies. These will, in turn, increase the level of interference and also result in more complex inter-technology interactions, which will need to be managed through spectrum sharing mechanisms. Consequently, novel spectrum sharing mechanisms should be designed to allow spectrum access for multiple technologies, while efficiently utilizing the spectrum resources overall. Importantly, it is not trivial to design such efficient mechanisms, not only due to technical aspects, but also due to regulatory and business model constraints. In this survey we address spectrum sharing mechanisms for wireless inter-technology coexistence by means of a technology circle that incorporates in a unified, system-level view the technical and non-technical aspects. We thus systematically explore the spectrum sharing design space consisting of parameters at different layers. Using this framework, we present a literature review on inter-technology coexistence with a focus on wireless technologies with equal spectrum access rights, i.e. (i) primary/primary, (ii) secondary/secondary, and (iii) technologies operating in a spectrum commons. Moreover, we reflect on our literature review to identify possible spectrum sharing design solutions and performance evaluation approaches useful for future coexistence cases. Finally, we discuss spectrum sharing design challenges and suggest future research directions

Survey on wireless technology trade-offs for the industrial internet of things

Aside from vast deployment cost reduction, Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (IWSAN) introduce a new level of industrial connectivity. Wireless connection of sensors and actuators in industrial environments not only enables wireless monitoring and actuation, it also enables coordination of production stages, connecting mobile robots and autonomous transport vehicles, as well as localization and tracking of assets. All these opportunities already inspired the development of many wireless technologies in an effort to fully enable Industry 4.0. However, different technologies significantly differ in performance and capabilities, none being capable of supporting all industrial use cases. When designing a network solution, one must be aware of the capabilities and the trade-offs that prospective technologies have. This paper evaluates the technologies potentially suitable for IWSAN solutions covering an entire industrial site with limited infrastructure cost and discusses their trade-offs in an effort to provide information for choosing the most suitable technology for the use case of interest. The comparative discussion presented in this paper aims to enable engineers to choose the most suitable wireless technology for their specific IWSAN deployment

Adaptive parameters adjustment in WBAN to mitigate Wi-Fi interferences

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), called also Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN), is composed of a set of tiny wireless devices (sensors) attached, implanted or ingested into the body. It offers real time and ubiquitous applications thanks to the small form, the lightness, and the wireless interface of sensors. WBAN performance is expected to be considerably degraded in the presence of Wi-Fi networks. Their operating channels overlap in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band which produces interference when they transmit data, accompanied by data losses and quick battery exhaustion. Therefore, it is crucial to mitigate the interference between WBAN and Wi-Fi networks in order to maintain the efficiency and the reliability of the WBAN system. Proposals in the literature use an added complex hardware in WBAN system, or perform the exchange of additional information, or establish expensive communications, or affect the quality of service of the WBAN. Unlike previous researches, we proposed simple, low cost and dynamic method that adaptively adjusts specific parameters in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. We have proved the effectiveness of our approach based on theoretical analysis and simulation using MiXiM framework of OMNet++ simulato