Implementation and Evaluation of a Cooperative Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Safety Application

While the development of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) safety applications based on Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) has been extensively undergoing standardization for more than a decade, such applications are extremely missing for Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). Nonexistence of collaborative systems between VRUs and vehicles was the main reason for this lack of attention. Recent developments in Wi-Fi Direct and DSRC-enabled smartphones are changing this perspective. Leveraging the existing V2V platforms, we propose a new framework using a DSRC-enabled smartphone to extend safety benefits to VRUs. The interoperability of applications between vehicles and portable DSRC enabled devices is achieved through the SAE J2735 Personal Safety Message (PSM). However, considering the fact that VRU movement dynamics, response times, and crash scenarios are fundamentally different from vehicles, a specific framework should be designed for VRU safety applications to study their performance. In this article, we first propose an end-to-end Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) framework to provide situational awareness and hazard detection based on the most common and injury-prone crash scenarios. The details of our VRU safety module, including target classification and collision detection algorithms, are explained next. Furthermore, we propose and evaluate a mitigating solution for congestion and power consumption issues in such systems. Finally, the whole system is implemented and analyzed for realistic crash scenarios

Performance Analysis for Uniform and Binomial Distribution on Contention Window using DSRC and Wi-Fi Direct Standard

In this paper, we present a mathematical analysis on the performance and behavior of uniformly distributed and non-uniformly distributed backoff timer based on binomial algorithm by using two standards which is the conventional DSRC and the latest Wi-Fi Direct. DSRC is a well-known technology being considered as the most promising wireless standard in VANET. On the other hand, as the latest wireless networking standard, the potential of Wi-Fi Direct technology should be concerned. We evaluates these standards using uniform and binomial distribution for contention window under mathematical modelling in order to analyze the average throughput and collision probability performance. The results show that binomial distribution in Wi-Fi Direct standard is 7.05% and 97.13% better than uniform distribution, in terms of average throughput and collision probability, respectively. Thus we can defer that Wi-Fi Direct is feasible to be used as an alternative standard since it has been considered as potential competitor of DSRC in VANET

Secure Location-Aided Routing Protocols With Wi-Fi Direct For Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Secure routing protocols are proposed for the vehicular ad hoc networks. The protocolsintegrate the security authentication process with the Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol to supportWi-Fi Direct communications between the vehicles. The methods are robust against various security threats.The security authentication process adopts a modified Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol. The Diffie-Hellman protocol is used with a short authentication string (SAS)-based key agreement over Wi-Fi Directout-of-band communication channels. It protects the communication from any man-in-the-middle securitythreats. In particular, the security process is integrated into two LAR routing schemes, i.e., the request-zoneLAR scheme and the distance-based LAR scheme.We conduct extensive simulations with different networkparameters such as the vehicular node density, the number of the malicious nodes, and the speed of thenodes. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocols provide superior performance in securedata delivery and average total packet delay. Also, the secure distance-based LAR protocol outperforms thesecure request-zone LAR protocol

Self-Stabilizing TDMA Algorithms for Dynamic Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

In dynamic wireless ad-hoc networks (DynWANs), autonomous computing devices set up a network for the communication needs of the moment. These networks require the implementation of a medium access control (MAC) layer. We consider MAC protocols for DynWANs that need to be autonomous and robust as well as have high bandwidth utilization, high predictability degree of bandwidth allocation, and low communication delay in the presence of frequent topological changes to the communication network. Recent studies have shown that existing implementations cannot guarantee the necessary satisfaction of these timing requirements. We propose a self-stabilizing MAC algorithm for DynWANs that guarantees a short convergence period, and by that, it can facilitate the satisfaction of severe timing requirements, such as the above. Besides the contribution in the algorithmic front of research, we expect that our proposal can enable quicker adoption by practitioners and faster deployment of DynWANs that are subject changes in the network topology