4 research outputs found
Beamforming Techniques for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in 5G Cellular Networks
In this paper, we develop various beamforming techniques for downlink
transmission for multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple
access (NOMA) systems. First, a beamforming approach with perfect channel state
information (CSI) is investigated to provide the required quality of service
(QoS) for all users. Taylor series approximation and semidefinite relaxation
(SDR) techniques are employed to reformulate the original non-convex power
minimization problem to a tractable one. Further, a fairness-based beamforming
approach is proposed through a max-min formulation to maintain fairness between
users. Next, we consider a robust scheme by incorporating channel
uncertainties, where the transmit power is minimized while satisfying the
outage probability requirement at each user. Through exploiting the SDR
approach, the original non-convex problem is reformulated in a linear matrix
inequality (LMI) form to obtain the optimal solution. Numerical results
demonstrate that the robust scheme can achieve better performance compared to
the non-robust scheme in terms of the rate satisfaction ratio. Further,
simulation results confirm that NOMA consumes a little over half transmit power
needed by OMA for the same data rate requirements. Hence, NOMA has the
potential to significantly improve the system performance in terms of transmit
power consumption in future 5G networks and beyond.Comment: accepted to publish in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technolog
Decentralised Distributed Massive MIMO
In this thesis, decentralised distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DD-MaMIMO) is considered for providing high spectral efficiency (SE) per user. In the DD-MaMIMO system, a large number of access points (APs) within a coordination region are connected to an edge processing unit (EPU) via fronthaul links, serving the users within a service region. Initially, we investigate a DD-MaMIMO system with perfect fronthaul links and assume that the processing takes place in the EPU. To demonstrate the improved SE, we compare our proposed architecture to cell-free MaMIMO. Furthermore, we discuss the scalability of DD-MaMIMO and give its definition. Secondly, we extend our research to the limited-capacity fronthaul links which is essential in practice. To model the limited-capacity fronthaul links, we adopt the Bussgang decomposition to express the quantisation. We propose two strategies for obtaining channel state information (CSI): estimate-and-quantise (EQ) and quantise-and-estimate (QE). Particularly, in the QE scheme, we derive the closed-form expressions of Bussgang decomposition coefficients for the non-Gaussian distribution input of the quantiser, as the elements of pilots follow complex Gaussian distribution. Both CSI acquisition strategies are analysed with respect to the mean square error (MSE) of channel estimation. Finally, we explore the processing which happens at the AP which is the local estimation in DD-MaMIMO. Here, two approaches are exploited for data decoding at the EPU: simply averaging decoding and large scale fading decoding. We further compare the local estimation scheme with the decentralised processing scheme. The scalability is also discussed as the channel estimation and data detection happens at the AP