559 research outputs found
Single-Carrier Modulation versus OFDM for Millimeter-Wave Wireless MIMO
This paper presents results on the achievable spectral efficiency and on the
energy efficiency for a wireless multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) link
operating at millimeter wave frequencies (mmWave) in a typical 5G scenario. Two
different single-carrier modem schemes are considered, i.e., a traditional
modulation scheme with linear equalization at the receiver, and a
single-carrier modulation with cyclic prefix, frequency-domain equalization and
FFT-based processing at the receiver; these two schemes are compared with a
conventional MIMO-OFDM transceiver structure. Our analysis jointly takes into
account the peculiar characteristics of MIMO channels at mmWave frequencies,
the use of hybrid (analog-digital) pre-coding and post-coding beamformers, the
finite cardinality of the modulation structure, and the non-linear behavior of
the transmitter power amplifiers. Our results show that the best performance is
achieved by single-carrier modulation with time-domain equalization, which
exhibits the smallest loss due to the non-linear distortion, and whose
performance can be further improved by using advanced equalization schemes.
Results also confirm that performance gets severely degraded when the link
length exceeds 90-100 meters and the transmit power falls below 0 dBW.Comment: accepted for publication on IEEE Transactions on Communication
Observing and Modeling the Physical Layer Phenomena in Open Optical Systems for Network planning and management
L'abstract Ăš presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Applications of Kalman Filters for Coherent Optical Communication Systems
In this chapter, we review various applications of Kalman filtering for coherent optical communication systems. First, we briefly discuss the principles of Kalman filter and its variations including extended Kalman filter (EKF) and adaptive Kalman filter (AKF). Later on, we illustrate the applicability of Kalman filters for joint tracking of several optical transmission impairments, simultaneously, by formulating the state space model (SSM) and detailing the principles. A detailed methodology is presented for the joint tracking of linear and nonlinear phase noise along with amplitude noise using EKF. Also, approaches to enhance the performance obtained by EKF by combining with other existing digital signal processing (DSP) techniques are presented. Frequency and phase offset estimation using a two stage linear Kalman filter (LKF)/EKF is also discussed. A cascaded structure of LKF and EKF by splitting the SSM to jointly mitigate the effects of polarization, phase and amplitude noise is also presented. The numerical analysis concludes that the Kalman filter based approaches outperform the conventional methods with better tracking capability and faster convergence besides offering more feasibility for real-time implementations
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Linearization techniques to suppress optical nonlinearity
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is shown the implementation of the linearization techniques such as feedforward and pre-distortion feedback linearization to suppress the optical components nonlinearities caused by the fibre and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The simulation verified these two linearization techniques for single tone direct modulation, two tone indirect modulation and ultra wideband input to the optical fibre. These techniques uses the amplified spontaneously emission (ASE) noise reduction in two loops of SOA by a feed-forward and predistortion linearizer and is shown more than 6dB improvement. Also it investigates linearization for the SOA amplifier to cancel out the third order harmonics or inter-modulation distortion (IMD) or four waves mixing. In this project, more than 20 dB reductions is seen in the spectral re-growth caused by the SOA. Amplifier non-linearity becomes more severe with two strong input channels leading to inter-channel distortion which can completely mask a third adjacent channel. The simulations detailed above were performed utilizing optimum settings for the variable gain, phase and delay components in the error correction loop of the feed forward and Predistortion systems and hence represent the ideal situation of a perfect feed-forward and Predistortion system. Therefore it should be consider that complexity of circuit will increase due to amplitude, phase and delay mismatches in practical design. Also it has describe the compatibility of Software Defined Radio with Hybrid Fibre Radio with simulation model of wired optical networks to be used for future research investigation, based on the star and ring topologies for different modulation schemes, and providing the performance for these configurations
New technique combining the Tone Reservation method with Clipping technique to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
Nonlinear distortions and impairments appear in multicarrier signal with high fluctuations when amplified by a Radio Frequency Power Amplifier (RF PA). Clipping (CL) technique offers a simple way to reduce these fluctuations in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Technique, but may degrade seriously the transmission quality. This is why the new mobile standards propose other methods, like the Tone Reservation (TR) technique in the Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T), that reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) without reaching optimal performances. This paper deals with how we can use the TR technique, which exploits null sub-carriers for generating corrective signal, in combining to CL technique in order to improve PAPR reduction without data loss. Also, we show some comparison results on the PAPR reduction obtained with proposed scheme and other techniques. Experiments using a simulated example on a complete WiMax 802.16e transmitter have been made in order to investigate the PAPR reduction performances on presence of the non-linear Power Amplifier model based on gain compression response and phase distortion
Companding and Predistortion Techniques for Improved Efficiency and Performance in SWIPT
In this work, we analyze how the use of companding techniques, together with
digital predistortion (DPD), can be leveraged to improve system efficiency and
performance in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)
systems based on power splitting. By taking advantage of the benefits of each
of these well-known techniques to mitigate non-linear effects due to power
amplifier (PA) and energy harvesting (EH) operation, we illustrate how DPD and
companding can be effectively combined to improve the EH efficiency while
keeping unalterable the information transfer performance. We establish design
criteria that allow the PA to operate in a higher efficiency region so that the
reduction in peak-to-average power ratio over the transmitted signal is
translated into an increase in the average radiated power and EH efficiency.
The performance of DPD and companding techniques is evaluated in a number of
scenarios, showing that a combination of both techniques allows to
significantly increase the power transfer efficiency in SWIPT systems.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication.
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Dirty RF Signal Processing for Mitigation of Receiver Front-end Non-linearity
ï»żModerne drahtlose Kommunikationssysteme stellen hohe und teilweise
gegensÀtzliche Anforderungen an die Hardware der Funkmodule, wie z.B.
niedriger Energieverbrauch, groĂe Bandbreite und hohe LinearitĂ€t. Die
GewÀhrleistung einer ausreichenden LinearitÀt ist, neben anderen analogen
Parametern, eine Herausforderung im praktischen Design der Funkmodule. Der
Fokus der Dissertation liegt auf breitbandigen HF-Frontends fĂŒr
Software-konfigurierbare Funkmodule, die seit einigen Jahren kommerziell
verfĂŒgbar sind. Die praktischen Herausforderungen und Grenzen solcher
flexiblen Funkmodule offenbaren sich vor allem im realen Experiment. Eines
der Hauptprobleme ist die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden analogen
Performanz ĂŒber einen weiten Frequenzbereich. Aus einer Vielzahl an
analogen Störeffekten behandelt die Arbeit die Analyse und Minderung von
NichtlinearitÀten in EmpfÀngern mit direkt-umsetzender Architektur. Im
Vordergrund stehen dabei Signalverarbeitungsstrategien zur Minderung
nichtlinear verursachter Interferenz - ein Algorithmus, der besser unter
"Dirty RF"-Techniken bekannt ist. Ein digitales Verfahren nach der
VorwÀrtskopplung wird durch intensive Simulationen, Messungen und
Implementierung in realer Hardware verifiziert. Um die LĂŒcken zwischen
Theorie und praktischer Anwendbarkeit zu schlieĂen und das Verfahren in
reale Funkmodule zu integrieren, werden verschiedene Untersuchungen
durchgefĂŒhrt. Hierzu wird ein erweitertes Verhaltensmodell entwickelt, das
die Struktur direkt-umsetzender EmpfÀnger am besten nachbildet und damit
alle Verzerrungen im HF- und Basisband erfasst. DarĂŒber hinaus wird die
LeistungsfÀhigkeit des Algorithmus unter realen Funkkanal-Bedingungen
untersucht. ZusÀtzlich folgt die Vorstellung einer ressourceneffizienten
Echtzeit-Implementierung des Verfahrens auf einem FPGA. AbschlieĂend
diskutiert die Arbeit verschiedene Anwendungsfelder, darunter spektrales
Sensing, robuster GSM-Empfang und GSM-basiertes Passivradar. Es wird
gezeigt, dass nichtlineare Verzerrungen erfolgreich in der digitalen
DomÀne gemindert werden können, wodurch die Bitfehlerrate gestörter
modulierter Signale sinkt und der Anteil nichtlinear verursachter
Interferenz minimiert wird. SchlieĂlich kann durch das Verfahren die
effektive LinearitÀt des HF-Frontends stark erhöht werden. Damit wird der
zuverlÀssige Betrieb eines einfachen Funkmoduls unter dem Einfluss der
EmpfÀngernichtlinearitÀt möglich. Aufgrund des flexiblen Designs ist der
Algorithmus fĂŒr breitbandige EmpfĂ€nger universal einsetzbar und ist nicht
auf Software-konfigurierbare Funkmodule beschrÀnkt.Today's wireless communication systems place high requirements on the
radio's hardware that are largely mutually exclusive, such as low power
consumption, wide bandwidth, and high linearity. Achieving a sufficient
linearity, among other analogue characteristics, is a challenging issue in
practical transceiver design. The focus of this thesis is on wideband
receiver RF front-ends for software defined radio technology, which became
commercially available in the recent years. Practical challenges and
limitations are being revealed in real-world experiments with these radios.
One of the main problems is to ensure a sufficient RF performance of the
front-end over a wide bandwidth. The thesis covers the analysis and
mitigation of receiver non-linearity of typical direct-conversion receiver
architectures, among other RF impairments. The main focus is on DSP-based
algorithms for mitigating non-linearly induced interference, an approach
also known as "Dirty RF" signal processing techniques. The conceived
digital feedforward mitigation algorithm is verified through extensive
simulations, RF measurements, and implementation in real hardware. Various
studies are carried out that bridge the gap between theory and practical
applicability of this approach, especially with the aim of integrating that
technique into real devices. To this end, an advanced baseband behavioural
model is developed that matches to direct-conversion receiver architectures
as close as possible, and thus considers all generated distortions at RF
and baseband. In addition, the algorithm's performance is verified under
challenging fading conditions. Moreover, the thesis presents a
resource-efficient real-time implementation of the proposed solution on an
FPGA. Finally, different use cases are covered in the thesis that includes
spectrum monitoring or sensing, GSM downlink reception, and GSM-based
passive radar. It is shown that non-linear distortions can be successfully
mitigated at system level in the digital domain, thereby decreasing the bit
error rate of distorted modulated signals and reducing the amount of
non-linearly induced interference. Finally, the effective linearity of the
front-end is increased substantially. Thus, the proper operation of a
low-cost radio under presence of receiver non-linearity is possible. Due to
the flexible design, the algorithm is generally applicable for wideband
receivers and is not restricted to software defined radios
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