2,273 research outputs found
Towards Context Information-based High-Performing Connectivity in Internet of Vehicle Communications
Internet-of-vehicles (IoV) is one of the most important use cases in the fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks and beyond. Here, IoV communications refer to two types of scenarios: serving the in-vehicle users with moving relays (MRs); and supporting vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications for, e.g., connected vehicle functionalities. Both of them can be achieved by transceivers on top of vehicles with growing demand for quality of service (QoS), such as spectrum efficiency, peak data rate, and coverage probability. However, the performance of MRs and V2X is limited by challenges such as the inaccurate prediction/estimation of the channel state information (CSI), beamforming mismatch, and blockages. Knowing the environment and utilizing such context information to assist communication could alleviate these issues. This thesis investigates various context information-based performance enhancement schemes for IoV networks, with main contributions listed as follows.In order to mitigate the channel aging issue, i.e., the CSI becomes inaccurate soon at high speeds, the first part of the thesis focuses on one way to increase the prediction horizon of CSI in MRs: predictor antennas (PAs). A PA system is designed as a system with two sets of antennas on the roof of a vehicle, where the PAs positioned at the front of the vehicle are used to predict the CSI observed by the receive antennas (RAs) that are aligned behind the PAs. In PA systems, however, the benefit is affected by a variety of factors. For example, 1) spatial mismatch between the point where the PA estimates the channel and the point where the RA reaches several time slots later, 2) antenna utilization efficiency of the PA, 3) temporal evolution, and 4) estimation error of the PA-base station (BS) channel. First, in Paper A, we study the PA system in the presence of the spatial mismatch problem, and propose an analytical channel model which is used for rate adaptation. In paper B, we propose different approximation schemes for the analytical investigation of PA systems, and study the effect of different parameters on the network performance. Then, involving PAs into data transmission, Paper C and Paper D analyze the outage- and the delay-limited performance of PA systems using hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), respectively. As we show in the analytical and the simulation results in Papers C-D, the combination of PA and HARQ protocols makes it possible to improve spectral efficiency and adapt the transmission parameters to mitigate the effect of spatial mismatch. Finally, a review of PA studies in the literature, the challenges and potentials of PA as well as some to-be-solved issues are presented in Paper E.The second part of the thesis focuses on using advanced technologies to further improve the MR/IoV performance. In Paper F, a cooperative PA scheme in IoV networks is proposed to mitigate both the channel aging effect and blockage sensitivity in millimeter-wave channels by collaborative vehicles and BS handover. Then, in Paper G, we study the potentials and challenges of dynamic blockage pre-avoidance in IoV networks
A review of relay network on UAVS for enhanced connectivity
One of the best evolution in technology breakthroughs is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This aerial system is able to perform the mission in an agile environment and can reach the hard areas to perform the tasks autonomously. UAVs can be used in post-disaster situations to estimate damages, to monitor and to respond to the victims. The Ground Control Station can also provide emergency messages and ad-hoc communication to the Mobile Users of the disaster-stricken community using this network. A wireless network can also extend its communication range using UAV as a relay. Major requirements from such networks are robustness, scalability, energy efficiency and reliability. In general, UAVs are easy to deploy, have Line of Sight options and are flexible in nature. However, their 3D mobility, energy constraints, and deployment environment introduce many challenges. This paper provides a discussion of basic UAV based multi-hop relay network architecture and analyses their benefits, applications, and tradeoffs. Key design considerations and challenges are investigated finding fundamental issues and potential research directions to exploit them. Finally, analytical tools and frameworks for performance optimizations are presented
Impact Assessment of Hypothesized Cyberattacks on Interconnected Bulk Power Systems
The first-ever Ukraine cyberattack on power grid has proven its devastation
by hacking into their critical cyber assets. With administrative privileges
accessing substation networks/local control centers, one intelligent way of
coordinated cyberattacks is to execute a series of disruptive switching
executions on multiple substations using compromised supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These actions can cause significant impacts
to an interconnected power grid. Unlike the previous power blackouts, such
high-impact initiating events can aggravate operating conditions, initiating
instability that may lead to system-wide cascading failure. A systemic
evaluation of "nightmare" scenarios is highly desirable for asset owners to
manage and prioritize the maintenance and investment in protecting their
cyberinfrastructure. This survey paper is a conceptual expansion of real-time
monitoring, anomaly detection, impact analyses, and mitigation (RAIM) framework
that emphasizes on the resulting impacts, both on steady-state and dynamic
aspects of power system stability. Hypothetically, we associate the
combinatorial analyses of steady state on substations/components outages and
dynamics of the sequential switching orders as part of the permutation. The
expanded framework includes (1) critical/noncritical combination verification,
(2) cascade confirmation, and (3) combination re-evaluation. This paper ends
with a discussion of the open issues for metrics and future design pertaining
the impact quantification of cyber-related contingencies
Advancements in Enhancing Resilience of Electrical Distribution Systems: A Review on Frameworks, Metrics, and Technological Innovations
This comprehensive review paper explores power system resilience, emphasizing
its evolution, comparison with reliability, and conducting a thorough analysis
of the definition and characteristics of resilience. The paper presents the
resilience frameworks and the application of quantitative power system
resilience metrics to assess and quantify resilience. Additionally, it
investigates the relevance of complex network theory in the context of power
system resilience. An integral part of this review involves examining the
incorporation of data-driven techniques in enhancing power system resilience.
This includes the role of data-driven methods in enhancing power system
resilience and predictive analytics. Further, the paper explores the recent
techniques employed for resilience enhancement, which includes planning and
operational techniques. Also, a detailed explanation of microgrid (MG)
deployment, renewable energy integration, and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading
in fortifying power systems against disruptions is provided. An analysis of
existing research gaps and challenges is discussed for future directions toward
improvements in power system resilience. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of
power system resilience is provided, which helps in improving the ability of
distribution systems to withstand and recover from extreme events and
disruptions
Predictive Energy Management of Islanded Microgrids with Photovoltaics and Energy Storage
Islanded microgrids powered primarily by photovoltaic (PV) arrays present a challenging control problem due to the intermittent production and the relatively close scale between the sources and the loads. Energy storage in such microgrids plays an important role in balancing supply with demand, and in extending operation during periods when the PV supply is not available or insufficient. The efficient operation of such microgrids requires effective management of all resources. A predictive energy management strategy can potentially avoid or effectively mitigate upcoming outages. This thesis presents an energy management system (EMS) for such microgrids. The EMS uses a predictive approach to set operational schedules in order to (a) prolong the supply to critical system loads and (2) minimize the chances and duration of system-wide outages, specifically through pre-emptive load shedding. Online weather forecast data has been combined with the PV system model to assess potential energy production over a 48 hour period. These predictions, along with load forecasts and a model of the energy storage system, are used to predict the state-of-charge of the storage devices and characterize potential power shortages. Pre-emptive load shedding is subsequently planned and executed to avert outages or minimize the duration of unavoidable outages. A bounding technique has also been proposed to account for uncertainties in estimates of the stored energy. The EMS has been implemented using an event-driven framework with network communication. The approach has been validated through simulations and experiments using recorded real-world solar irradiance data. The results show that the outage durations have been reduced by a factor of 87% to 100% for an example operating scenario, selected to demonstrate the features of the scheme. The impact of uncertainties in the prediction models has also been investigated, specifically for the PV system rating and the battery capacity. A technique has been developed to compensate for such uncertainties by analyzing the data streams from the source and storage units. The technique is applied to the developed EMS strategy, where it is able to shorten the total outage duration by a factor of 12% over a 42-day scenario exhibiting a variety of irradiance conditions
Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications
Physical limitations on wireless communication channels impose huge challenges to reliable communication. Bandwidth limitations, propagation loss, noise and interference make the wireless channel a narrow pipe that does not readily accommodate rapid flow of data. Thus, researches aim to design systems that are suitable to operate in such channels, in order to have high performance quality of service. Also, the mobility of the communication systems requires further investigations to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the receiver. This book aims to provide highlights of the current research in the field of wireless communications. The subjects discussed are very valuable to communication researchers rather than researchers in the wireless related areas. The book chapters cover a wide range of wireless communication topics
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