Performance Analysis of D-MoSK Modulation in Mobile Diffusive-Drift Molecular Communication Relay System

Molecular communication (MC) is a new wireless communication technology, which uses molecules as information carriers. Diffusion-based MC is one of the most common MC methods. With the increase of diffusion distance, the molecular signal attenuation is serious, so the traditional communication technology of relay is introduced into the MC system. In this work, a mobile diffusive-drift MC relay model is investigated, in which the depleted molecule shift keying (D-MoSK) modulation is used. The closed-form expression of symbole error rate (SER) and the channel capacity are derived, meanwhile the impacts of several crucial parameters on the performance are discussed comprehensively

Analysis of Molecule Harvesting by Heterogeneous Receptors on MC Transmitters

This paper designs a molecule harvesting transmitter (TX) model, where the surface of a spherical TX is covered by heterogeneous receptors with different sizes and arbitrary locations. If molecules hit any receptor, they are absorbed by the TX immediately. Within the TX, molecules are stored in vesicles that are continuously generated and released by the TX via the membrane fusion process. Considering a transparent receiver (RX) and molecular degradation during the propagation from the TX to the RX, we derive the molecule release rate and the fraction of molecules absorbed by the TX as well as the received signal at the RX. Notably, this analytical result is applicable for different numbers, sizes, and locations of receptors, and its accuracy is verified via particle-based simulations. Numerical results show that different vesicle generation rates result in the same number of molecules absorbed by the TX, but different peak received signals at the RX.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. This work has been accepted by IEEE GLOBECOM 2023. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

A comprehensive survey on hybrid communication in context of molecular communication and terahertz communication for body-centric nanonetworks

With the huge advancement of nanotechnology over the past years, the devices are shrinking into micro-scale, even nano-scale. Additionally, the Internet of nano-things (IoNTs) are generally regarded as the ultimate formation of the current sensor networks and the development of nanonetworks would be of great help to its fulfilment, which would be ubiquitous with numerous applications in all domains of life. However, the communication between the devices in such nanonetworks is still an open problem. Body-centric nanonetworks are believed to play an essential role in the practical application of IoNTs. BCNNs are also considered as domain specific like wireless sensor networks and always deployed on purpose to support a particular application. In these networks, electromagnetic and molecular communications are widely considered as two main promising paradigms and both follow their own development process. In this survey, the recent developments of these two paradigms are first illustrated in the aspects of applications, network structures, modulation techniques, coding techniques and security to then investigate the potential of hybrid communication paradigms. Meanwhile, the enabling technologies have been presented to apprehend the state-of-art with the discussion on the possibility of the hybrid technologies. Additionally, the inter-connectivity of electromagnetic and molecular body-centric nanonetworks is discussed. Afterwards, the related security issues of the proposed networks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and open research directions are presented

Modeling the Molecular Communication Nanonetworks

Nanotechnology is a cutting edge investigation area that has come out with new and unlimited applications. The recent explosion of research in this field, combined with important discoveries in molecular biology have created a new interest in bio-nanorobotic communication. This thesis provides a general theoretical understanding of nanonetworks and their multiple possibilities. It describes some basic concepts of architectures that compose nanotechnology topologies, as well as possible designs for the tiny nanonetwork components, the nanomachines. The thesis also reviews some promising methods proposed for communicating and coordinating in these nanonetworks. Molecular communication applied to nanonetworks presents indeed extremely appealing features in terms of energy consumption, reliability and robustness. Nevertheless, it remains to understand the impact of the extremely slow propagation of molecules and the highly variable environments. As a totally unexplored research area, it is important to establish thorough theoretical framework so that the applications and possible solutions can be validated. It is clear that many issues still need to be addressed in order to understand the limiting performance of information communications among nano-scale devices and design optimal and quasi-optimal encoding/decoding strategies. Such issues are believed to be of key relevance for allowing nanotechnologies display their full potential

Transmitter and Receiver Architectures for Molecular Communications: A Survey on Physical Design with Modulation, Coding, and Detection Techniques

Inspired by nature, molecular communications (MC), i.e., the use of molecules to encode, transmit, and receive information, stands as the most promising communication paradigm to realize the nanonetworks. Even though there has been extensive theoretical research toward nanoscale MC, there are no examples of implemented nanoscale MC networks. The main reason for this lies in the peculiarities of nanoscale physics, challenges in nanoscale fabrication, and highly stochastic nature of the biochemical domain of envisioned nanonetwork applications. This mandates developing novel device architectures and communication methods compatible with MC constraints. To that end, various transmitter and receiver designs for MC have been proposed in the literature together with numerable modulation, coding, and detection techniques. However, these works fall into domains of a very wide spectrum of disciplines, including, but not limited to, information and communication theory, quantum physics, materials science, nanofabrication, physiology, and synthetic biology. Therefore, we believe it is imperative for the progress of the field that an organized exposition of cumulative knowledge on the subject matter can be compiled. Thus, to fill this gap, in this comprehensive survey, we review the existing literature on transmitter and receiver architectures toward realizing MC among nanomaterial-based nanomachines and/or biological entities and provide a complete overview of modulation, coding, and detection techniques employed for MC. Moreover, we identify the most significant shortcomings and challenges in all these research areas and propose potential solutions to overcome some of them.This work was supported in part by the European Research Council (ERC) Projects MINERVA under Grant ERC-2013-CoG #616922 and MINERGRACE under Grant ERC-2017-PoC #780645