342,476 research outputs found
Cyclical Flow: Spatial Synthesis Sound Toy as Multichannel Composition Tool
This paper outlines and discusses an interactive system designed as a playful āsound toyā for spatial composition. Proposed models of composition and design in this context are discussed. The design, functionality and application of the software system is then outlined and summarised. The paper concludes with observations from use, and discussion of future developments
Shortest path or anchor-based route choice: a large-scale empirical analysis of minicab routing in London
Understanding and modelling route choice behaviour is central to predicting the formation and propagation of urban road congestion. Yet within conventional literature disagreements persist around the nature of route choice behaviour, and how it should be modelled. In this paper, both the shortest path and anchor-based perspectives on route choice behaviour are explored through an empirical analysis of nearly 700,000 minicab routes across London, United Kingdom. In the first set of analyses, the degree of similarity between observed routes and possible shortest paths is established. Shortest paths demonstrate poor performance in predicting both observed route choice and characteristics. The second stage of analysis explores the influence of specific urban features, named anchors, in route choice. These analyses show that certain features attract more route choices than would be expected were individuals choosing route based on cost minimisation alone. Instead, the results indicate that major urban features form the basis of route choice planning ā being selected disproportionately more often, and causing asymmetry in route choice volumes by direction of travel. At a finer scale, decisions made at minor road features are furthermore demonstrated to influence routing patterns. The results indicate a need to revisit the basis of how routes are modelled, shifting from the shortest path perspective to a mechanism structured around urban features. In concluding, the main trends are synthesised within an initial framework for route choice modelling, and presents potential extensions of this research
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Morphing Based Approach for Process Planning for Fabrication of Geometries and the Control of Material Composition
The inherent limitation of most of the solid freeform fabrication is the deposition in form
of layers. Artificial imposition of the process for the desired geometric morphology and
the functional gradience of material limits the accuracy of the workpiece. Mathematical
morphing of geometry and the material gradience allows a smooth variation across the
part geometry and the material composition of the part. The paper describes a framework
for process planning and implementation of fabrication of geometries and control of the
material composition. Simulation results for the suggested approach are described in the
paper.Mechanical Engineerin
Map Generation from Large Scale Incomplete and Inaccurate Data Labels
Accurately and globally mapping human infrastructure is an important and
challenging task with applications in routing, regulation compliance
monitoring, and natural disaster response management etc.. In this paper we
present progress in developing an algorithmic pipeline and distributed compute
system that automates the process of map creation using high resolution aerial
images. Unlike previous studies, most of which use datasets that are available
only in a few cities across the world, we utilizes publicly available imagery
and map data, both of which cover the contiguous United States (CONUS). We
approach the technical challenge of inaccurate and incomplete training data
adopting state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architectures such as
the U-Net and the CycleGAN to incrementally generate maps with increasingly
more accurate and more complete labels of man-made infrastructure such as roads
and houses. Since scaling the mapping task to CONUS calls for parallelization,
we then adopted an asynchronous distributed stochastic parallel gradient
descent training scheme to distribute the computational workload onto a cluster
of GPUs with nearly linear speed-up.Comment: This paper is accepted by KDD 202
DeepProposals: Hunting Objects and Actions by Cascading Deep Convolutional Layers
In this paper, a new method for generating object and action proposals in
images and videos is proposed. It builds on activations of different
convolutional layers of a pretrained CNN, combining the localization accuracy
of the early layers with the high informative-ness (and hence recall) of the
later layers. To this end, we build an inverse cascade that, going backward
from the later to the earlier convolutional layers of the CNN, selects the most
promising locations and refines them in a coarse-to-fine manner. The method is
efficient, because i) it re-uses the same features extracted for detection, ii)
it aggregates features using integral images, and iii) it avoids a dense
evaluation of the proposals thanks to the use of the inverse coarse-to-fine
cascade. The method is also accurate. We show that our DeepProposals outperform
most of the previously proposed object proposal and action proposal approaches
and, when plugged into a CNN-based object detector, produce state-of-the-art
detection performance.Comment: 15 page
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