5 research outputs found

    Development of Hand-cleaning Service-oriented Autonomous Navigation Robot

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    [[abstract]]This paper proposes the development of an autonomous navigation robot with hand-cleaning service in indoor environments. To navigate in unknown environments and provide service, the robot is with several intelligent behaviors including wall-following, obstacle avoidance, autonomous navigation, and human detection. A laser-sensor-based approach is used in the wall-following and obstacle avoidance behavior controllers. A preliminary map-matching algorithm is applied in the localization strategy of autonomous navigation in which the robot can acquire the current location and then move toward to the target position. In this study a hand-cleaning mechanism is embedded into the robot and the service will activate while a human is recognized within the designated range. The overall robotic system is carried out using a two-wheeled driving mobile robot with LabVIEW as an integration tool. The experimental results demonstrate the practicable application of the proposed approach.[[conferencetype]]ๅœ‹้š›[[conferencedate]]20121014~20121017[[booktype]]้›ปๅญ็‰ˆ[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]Seoul, Kore

    Application of Wireless Communication and GIS in Agricultural Environment Monitoring

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    The SMS/GPRS technology and seamless integration of GIS technology were used to implement remote data real-time transmission and management analysis in agricultural environment monitoring. Through SMS/GPRS technology this system realized wireless real-time transmission of remote monitoring data. Based on the GIS visualization technology and spatial analysis the monitoring data were displayed visually as well as location of pollution area was realized. System mainly consists of three modules: monitor communication center, information center and GIS environment monitoring information management. The overall design system in fully reflects the GIS, wireless transmission, environment monitoring seamless integration of the three modules. Development language is Visual Studio2005 VC.NET comprehensive use of MFC and CRL and Oracle9i database is adapted to integratedly access attribute data and the of spatial data, using MapX component to implement map visualization display and spatial geographical analysis. The system is suitable for departments of agriculture to acquire and communicate the environmental monitoring data, to manage the GIS, and to analyze the decision

    Method for Reading Sensors and Controlling Actuators Using Audio Interfaces of Mobile Devices

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    This article presents a novel closed loop control architecture based on audio channels of several types of computing devices, such as mobile phones and tablet computers, but not restricted to them. The communication is based on an audio interface that relies on the exchange of audio tones, allowing sensors to be read and actuators to be controlled. As an application example, the presented technique is used to build a low cost mobile robot, but the system can also be used in a variety of mechatronics applications and sensor networks, where smartphones are the basic building blocks

    Localization in Low Luminance, Slippery Indoor Environment Using Afocal Optical Flow Sensor and Image Processing

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ์กฐ๋™์ผ.์‹ค๋‚ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์€ ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์š”๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ €์กฐ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์นดํŽซ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํœ  ์—”์ฝ”๋” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‹œ์  ์œ„์น˜์ถ”์ • ๋ฐ ์ง€๋„์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (simultaneous localization and mappingSLAM)์ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ €์กฐ๋„, ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชจ์…˜์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ(afocal optical flow sensorAOFS) ๋ฐ VGA๊ธ‰ ์ „๋ฐฉ ๋‹จ์•ˆ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์€ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ˆ„์  ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํœ  ์—”์ฝ”๋”์™€ AOFS๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ด๋™ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œตํ•ฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์†๋„ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์ „๋ฐฉ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง์— ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ • ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์นดํŽซ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋™ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋†’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ • ์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ์— ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์ ๊ณ„ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์˜ค์ฐจ ์š”์ธ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌธํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(robotic gantry system)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นดํŽซ ๋ฐ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์žฌ์งˆ์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ 30 mm ์—์„œ 50 mm ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ 80 cm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ 10๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” AOFS ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ 1 mm ๋†’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋‹น 0.1% ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ค์ฐจ(systematic error)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ดˆ์ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ๋Š” 14.7% ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ด๋™์šฉ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋กœ๋ด‡์— AOFS๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นดํŽซ ์œ„์—์„œ 1 m ๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ • ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” 0.02% ์ด๊ณ , ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์€ 17.6% ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ ์ •์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” 4.09% ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฐ 25.7% ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์„œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณด์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฆ‰, ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ SLAM์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์  ํ˜น์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณด์ •์— ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์˜์ƒ์— ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ‰ํ™œํ™”(histogram equalization) ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ • ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์žก์Œ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜์ƒ ์žก์Œ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กค๋ง ๊ฐ€์ด๋˜์Šค ํ•„ํ„ฐ(rolling guidance filterRGF)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๊ต ์ง์„  ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ถ”์ถœ ํ›„ ์†Œ์‹ค์ (vanishing pointVP)์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณด์ •์— ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 0.06 ~ 0.21 lx ์˜ ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„(77 sqm)์— ์นดํŽซ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€ ์œ„์น˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด 401 cm ์—์„œ 21 cm๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ฆ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 6 1.2.1 ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง ๊ฐ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  6 1.2.2 ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  8 1.3 ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ 12 1.4 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 14 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ(AOFS) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ 16 2.1 ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(afocal system) 16 2.2 ๋ฐ”๋Š˜๊ตฌ๋ฉ ํšจ๊ณผ 18 2.3 ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ(AOFS) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… 20 2.4 ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ(AOFS) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš 24 2.5 ๋ฌดํ•œ์ดˆ์  ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ๋ฆ„์„ผ์„œ(AOFS) ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 29 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ €์กฐ๋„์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ๋ณด์ • ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 3.1 ์ €์กฐ๋„ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 3.2 ํ•œ ์žฅ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํŒŒ์•… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 38 3.3 ์†Œ์‹ค์  ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ฐ๋„ ์ถ”์ • 41 3.4 ์ตœ์ข… ์ฃผํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 46 3.5 ์ €์กฐ๋„์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ ๋ณด์ • ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš 48 3.6 ์ €์กฐ๋„์˜์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ ๋ณด์ • ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ €์กฐ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ„์น˜์ธ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 4.1 ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 54 4.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 4.3 ์ž„๋ฒ ๋””๋“œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 61 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  62Docto
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