Importance of Collection Overhangs on the Efficacy of Exclusion Fences for Managing Cabbage Flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Fine nylon mesh fences (135 cm high) with varying lengths of downward-sloping collection overhangs were evaluated for efficacy in excluding the female cabbage flies Delia radicum (L.) from plots of radish, Raphanus sativus (L.). During three trials conducted in 1994 and 1995, fences without overhangs, fences with 12.5-cm overhangs, or fences with 50-cm overhangs were tested against fences with standard 25-cm overhangs and unfenced control plots. In fenced plots with standard 25-cm overhangs, the mean number of D. radicum females caught on yellow sticky traps placed within plots was 85% less than those caught in corresponding control plots. The mean numbers of D. radicum females caught in fenced enclosures with no overhangs, 12.5-cm overhangs, or 50-cm overhangs, were 61, 67, and 94% less than those caught in corresponding control plots, respectively. The mean proportion of radishes damaged by D. radicum larvae inside enclosures with 25-cm overhangs was 62% less than in corresponding control plots. The mean proportions of radishes damaged inside fences with no overhangs, 12.5-cm overhangs, or 50-cm overhangs were 33, 59, and 81% less than those caught in corresponding control plots, respectively. Results are discussed in terms of defining an appropriate fence design for commercial use

Simulations of deposition growth models in various dimensions. Are overhangs important?

We present simulation results of deposition growth of surfaces in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions for ballistic deposition where overhangs are present, and for restricted solid on solid deposition where there are no overhangs. The values of the scaling exponents for the two models are found to be different, suggesting that they belong to different universality classes.Comment: figures available from author

Dynamic effect of overhangs and islands at the depinning transition in two-dimensional magnets

With the Monte Carlo methods, we systematically investigate the short-time dynamics of domain-wall motion in the two-dimensional random-field Ising model with a driving field ?DRFIM?. We accurately determine the depinning transition field and critical exponents. Through two different definitions of the domain interface, we examine the dynamics of overhangs and islands. At the depinning transition, the dynamic effect of overhangs and islands reaches maximum. We argue that this should be an important mechanism leading the DRFIM model to a different universality class from the Edwards-Wilkinson equation with quenched disorderComment: 9 pages, 6 figure

A novel NGS library preparation method to characterize native termini of fragmented DNA.

Biological and chemical DNA fragmentation generates DNA molecules with a variety of termini, including blunt ends and single-stranded overhangs. We have developed a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay, XACTLY, to interrogate the termini of fragmented DNA, information traditionally lost in standard NGS library preparation methods. Here we describe the XACTLY method, showcase its sensitivity and specificity, and demonstrate its utility in in vitro experiments. The XACTLY assay is able to report relative abundances of all lengths and types (5' and 3') of single-stranded overhangs, if present, on each DNA fragment with an overall accuracy between 80-90%. In addition, XACTLY retains the sequence of each native DNA molecule after fragmentation and can capture the genomic landscape of cleavage events at single nucleotide resolution. The XACTLY assay can be applied as a novel research and discovery tool for fragmentation analyses and in cell-free DNA

Comparison of support structure generation techniques for 3d printing

Master's Project (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016As the old patents from the late 1980's and early 1990's expire, additive fabrication and rapid prototyping has seen a boom in recent years. Often called 3D printing, in the additive fabrication process material is deposited on previous layers. The problem of supporting overhangs in 3D printing is not one encountered in the traditional method of subtractive fabrication. This paper examines and compares three methods of generating support structures for these overhangs: a scaffolding structure, simple pillars, and the supports automatically generated by the open source slicing tool Slic3r. Our results show that both the scaffolding structure and simple pillars use less material than Slic3r's supports. Additionally, the scaffolding structure and simple pillars print in a comparable amount of time as Slic3r's supports and all the models have a similar visual print quality. This conservation of material without a reduction in print quality make our method of scaffolding support structures preferable to the supports automatically generated by Slic3r

Is foreign-currency indexed debt a commitment technology? Some evidence from Brazil and Mexico

We examine the effects of foreign currency-indexed debt upon inflationary expectations in Brazil and Mexico. Conjecturing that markets will view increasing overhangs of foreign currency-indexed debt as a commitment technology that fiscally punishes devaluation, we test whether increasing such overhangs will attenuate the effect of monetary growth upon inflationary expectations. We find some econometric confirmation of these conjectures in both the Brazilian and Mexican cases. Finding that the results are consistent with the notion that increasing the share of dollar indexed debt may also permit some temporary monetary independence even under pegged exchange rate regimes, we present some evidence of independent policy behavior during periods when are model results would suggest it. ; Economic Research Working Paper 9913Money ; Brazil ; Debt ; Financial crises - Latin America ; Indexation (Economics) ; Inflation (Finance) ; Mexico