Design Methods of Hangeul Slanted Cursive Font

This study explores the absence of italics in Hangeul (Korean) fonts, a feature present in the Latin alphabet but lacking in Korean fonts. While italics provide emphasis in Latin text, Hangeul achieves similar effects using various font types, thicknesses, underlining, and emphasis points. However, these font variations and punctuation marks may disrupt reading flow. Existing methods, such as slanting options in editing software (“fake italic” when using Hangeul), may compromise visual aesthetics. To remedy this, like italics, Korean fonts need slanting and cursive elements. The study proposes a 6-step design method for slanted cursive Hangeul fonts, covering (1) skeleton extraction, (2) combining skeletons, (3) stroke weight, (4) slanted format, (5) cursive elements, and (6) visual flow adjustments. Applying this method to the design of Hangeul slanted cursive fonts, the study underscores the importance of determining optimal slant and cursive font degrees while considering subjective designer aesthetics

Proposed Arabic grouping system and cross-map with the International Standard Organization ISO 9541 Grouping System

This project, will attempt to identify as many Arabic fonts as possible and develop a grouping system similar to the basic system used in ISO 9541-1 (International Standard Organization). Fonts will be classified according to their visual design in a three-level hierarchical structure. The highest level of this hierarchy is the class the most general level. Each class is divided into subclasses the second level of this grouping system. Subclasses are divided into groups the third level and the most specific level. The purpose is to cover as many design variations as possible within the same class. I will compare the elements in my grouping system with the ones in the ISO 9541-1, and establish a relationship between the two systems. The result of this comparison can be utilized in any multi-lingual printing and publishing job using Arabic and any of the scripts used in ISO 9541 grouping system

Gurmukhi printing types: an historical analysis of British design, development, and distribution in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

This thesis focuses on the role of British entities involved in the founding and development of printing in the Gurmukhi script, from the inception of printing in this writing system with movable type in 1800, until the beginnings of the digital era in the twentieth century. It traces the material production of Gurmukhi printing types under the changing technologies during this time frame and considers the impacts of various technological limitations on the appearance of the script when printed. Furthermore, it identifies the intent and objectives of those producing founts in a script foreign to them, and considers their approaches for overcoming various cultural, social, and economic obstacles, to determine how successful they were in realising their aims for printing in this writing system. Finally, it presents a comparative analysis of the founts developed during this period to highlight key typographic developments in the printing of Gurmukhi by the individuals and companies under consideration, and determines significant design decisions that influenced and informed subsequent developments. The research draws on largely unexplored primary resources housed in various archives across Britain, that provide a window into the practises and networks for the British type founders under consideration, shedding light on the establishment, organisation, and development of these actors’ operations, the modus operandi, and the networks that enabled and sustained it. This work aims to document a substantial gap in the history of Gurmukhi typographic development and printing, and serve as a contribution to the interrelated fields of typography, printing history, and culture alike

Harmonious Screen Interface Design Principles from Chinese Calligraphy

Harmony is a major theme in Chinese culture. It is reflected in many forms, e.g. painting and garden design. However, calligraphy gives a straight forward insight into harmony in two dimensions. The main hypothesis was that the principles for building a harmonious calligraphic character could be converted from holistic to deductive and computable ones. These could then be applied to the design of harmonious screen interfaces, which would give visual pleasure. The first aim was to investigate and discover the quantifiable features of harmony in Chinese regular script calligraphy. Calligraphy has been associated in China with harmony and elegance for over 1500 years. There are features that are commonly accepted to establish harmony which can be quantified. However, the principles of Chinese calligraphy are embedded within Chinese culture. Direct translation does not convey the meaning. An extensive study was made of the literature on Chinese calligraphy and a practical exploration of characters was made. This resulted in a small number of principles which were needed to be satisfied for the character to appear harmonious. These were tested on several groups of participants. These principles were then converted into a mathematical form for Chinese regular script calligraphy, and for application to harmonious screen interface design. The mathematical forms were then tested on both Chinese regular script calligraphy and also on interface designs with groups of participants. Finally, an application for comparing harmony in Chinese calligraphic characters and interface designs was created. The “Harmony” application can be used to calculate how a Chinese calligraphic character or an interface design satisfies the principles of harmony and it can give an indication of how harmonious they are

The Unicode cookbook for linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles

This text is a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, who work with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together at the intersection between the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Although these standards are often met with frustration by users, they nevertheless provide language researchers and programmers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze lexical data from the world's languages. Thus we bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls which researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Having identified and overcome these pitfalls involved in making writing systems and character encodings syntactically and semantically interoperable (to the extent that they can be), we created a suite of open-source Python and R tools to work with languages using orthography profiles that describe author- or document-specific orthographic conventions. In this cookbook we describe a formal specification of orthography profiles and provide recipes using open source tools to show how users can segment text, analyze it, identify errors, and to transform it into different written forms for comparative linguistics research. This book is a prime example of open publishing as envisioned by Language Science Press. It is open access, has accompanying open source software, has open peer review, versioning and so on. Read more in this blog post. The book is continuously being improved. You can follow the development on https://github.com/unicode-cookbook/cookbook/releases/latest   &nbsp

The Unicode cookbook for linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles

This text is a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, who work with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together at the intersection between the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Although these standards are often met with frustration by users, they nevertheless provide language researchers and programmers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze lexical data from the world's languages. Thus we bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls which researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Having identified and overcome these pitfalls involved in making writing systems and character encodings syntactically and semantically interoperable (to the extent that they can be), we created a suite of open-source Python and R tools to work with languages using orthography profiles that describe author- or document-specific orthographic conventions. In this cookbook we describe a formal specification of orthography profiles and provide recipes using open source tools to show how users can segment text, analyze it, identify errors, and to transform it into different written forms for comparative linguistics research. This book is a prime example of open publishing as envisioned by Language Science Press. It is open access, has accompanying open source software, has open peer review, versioning and so on. Read more in this blog post. The book is continuously being improved. You can follow the development on https://github.com/unicode-cookbook/cookbook/releases/latest   &nbsp

The Unicode cookbook for linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles

This text is a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, who work with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together at the intersection between the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Although these standards are often met with frustration by users, they nevertheless provide language researchers and programmers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze lexical data from the world's languages. Thus we bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls which researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Having identified and overcome these pitfalls involved in making writing systems and character encodings syntactically and semantically interoperable (to the extent that they can be), we created a suite of open-source Python and R tools to work with languages using orthography profiles that describe author- or document-specific orthographic conventions. In this cookbook we describe a formal specification of orthography profiles and provide recipes using open source tools to show how users can segment text, analyze it, identify errors, and to transform it into different written forms for comparative linguistics research. This book is a prime example of open publishing as envisioned by Language Science Press. It is open access, has accompanying open source software, has open peer review, versioning and so on. Read more in this blog post. The book is continuously being improved. You can follow the development on https://github.com/unicode-cookbook/cookbook/releases/latest   &nbsp

The Unicode cookbook for linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles

This text is a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, who work with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together at the intersection between the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Although these standards are often met with frustration by users, they nevertheless provide language researchers and programmers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze lexical data from the world's languages. Thus we bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls which researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Having identified and overcome these pitfalls involved in making writing systems and character encodings syntactically and semantically interoperable (to the extent that they can be), we created a suite of open-source Python and R tools to work with languages using orthography profiles that describe author- or document-specific orthographic conventions. In this cookbook we describe a formal specification of orthography profiles and provide recipes using open source tools to show how users can segment text, analyze it, identify errors, and to transform it into different written forms for comparative linguistics research. This book is a prime example of open publishing as envisioned by Language Science Press. It is open access, has accompanying open source software, has open peer review, versioning and so on. Read more in this blog post. The book is continuously being improved. You can follow the development on https://github.com/unicode-cookbook/cookbook/releases/latest   &nbsp

The Unicode cookbook for linguists: Managing writing systems using orthography profiles

This text is a practical guide for linguists, and programmers, who work with data in multilingual computational environments. We introduce the basic concepts needed to understand how writing systems and character encodings function, and how they work together at the intersection between the Unicode Standard and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Although these standards are often met with frustration by users, they nevertheless provide language researchers and programmers with a consistent computational architecture needed to process, publish and analyze lexical data from the world's languages. Thus we bring to light common, but not always transparent, pitfalls which researchers face when working with Unicode and IPA. Having identified and overcome these pitfalls involved in making writing systems and character encodings syntactically and semantically interoperable (to the extent that they can be), we created a suite of open-source Python and R tools to work with languages using orthography profiles that describe author- or document-specific orthographic conventions. In this cookbook we describe a formal specification of orthography profiles and provide recipes using open source tools to show how users can segment text, analyze it, identify errors, and to transform it into different written forms for comparative linguistics research. This book is a prime example of open publishing as envisioned by Language Science Press. It is open access, has accompanying open source software, has open peer review, versioning and so on. Read more in this blog post. The book is continuously being improved. You can follow the development on https://github.com/unicode-cookbook/cookbook/releases/latest   &nbsp