A comprehensive review on electric vehicles smart charging: solutions, strategies, technologies, and challenges

The role of electric vehicles (EVs) in energy systems will be crucial over the upcoming years due to their environmental-friendly nature and ability to mitigate/absorb excess power from renewable energy sources. Currently, a significant focus is given to EV smart charging (EVSC) solutions by researchers and industries around the globe to suitably meet the EVs' charging demand while overcoming their negative impacts on the power grid. Therefore, effective EVSC strategies and technologies are required to address such challenges. This review paper outlines the benefits and challenges of the EVSC procedure from different points of view. The role of EV aggregator in EVSC, charging methods and objectives, and required infrastructure for implementing EVSC are discussed. The study also deals with ancillary services provided by EVSC and EVs' load forecasting approaches. Moreover, the EVSC integrated energy systems, including homes, buildings, integrated energy systems, etc., are reviewed, followed by the smart green charging solutions to enhance the environmental benefit of EVs. The literature review shows the efficiency of EVSC in reducing charging costs by 30 %, grid operational costs by 10 %, and renewable curtailment by 40 %. The study gives key findings and recommendations which can be helpful for researchers and policymakers