1,342 research outputs found
Hybrid Beamforming for Large Antenna Arrays with Phase Shifter Selection
This paper proposes an asymptotically optimal hybrid beamforming solution for
large antenna arrays by exploiting the properties of the singular vectors of
the channel matrix. It is shown that the elements of the channel matrix with
Rayleigh fading follow a normal distribution when large antenna arrays are
employed. The proposed beamforming algorithm is effective in both sparse and
rich propagation environments, and is applicable for both point-to-point and
multiuser scenarios. In addition, a closed-form expression and a lower-bound
for the achievable rates are derived when analog and digital phase shifters are
employed. It is shown that the performance of the hybrid beamformers using
phase shifters with more than 2-bits resolution is comparable with analog phase
shifting. A novel phase shifter selection scheme that reduces the power
consumption at the phase shifter network is proposed when the wireless channel
is modeled by Rayleigh fading. Using this selection scheme, the spectral
efficiency can be increased as the power consumption in the phase shifter
network reduces. Compared to the scenario that all of the phase shifters are in
operation, the simulation results indicate that the spectral efficiency
increases when up to 50% of phase shifters are turned off.Comment: Accepted to Transactions on Wireless Communications, 201
Massive MIMO in Real Propagation Environments: Do All Antennas Contribute Equally?
Massive MIMO can greatly increase both spectral and transmit-energy
efficiency. This is achieved by allowing the number of antennas and RF chains
to grow very large. However, the challenges include high system complexity and
hardware energy consumption. Here we investigate the possibilities to reduce
the required number of RF chains, by performing antenna selection. While this
approach is not a very effective strategy for theoretical independent Rayleigh
fading channels, a substantial reduction in the number of RF chains can be
achieved for real massive MIMO channels, without significant performance loss.
We evaluate antenna selection performance on measured channels at 2.6 GHz,
using a linear and a cylindrical array, both having 128 elements. Sum-rate
maximization is used as the criterion for antenna selection. A selection scheme
based on convex optimization is nearly optimal and used as a benchmark. The
achieved sum-rate is compared with that of a very simple scheme that selects
the antennas with the highest received power. The power-based scheme gives
performance close to the convex optimization scheme, for the measured channels.
This observation indicates a potential for significant reductions of massive
MIMO implementation complexity, by reducing the number of RF chains and
performing antenna selection using simple algorithms.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication
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