Parameterized Construction of Program Representations for Sparse Dataflow Analyses

Data-flow analyses usually associate information with control flow regions. Informally, if these regions are too small, like a point between two consecutive statements, we call the analysis dense. On the other hand, if these regions include many such points, then we call it sparse. This paper presents a systematic method to build program representations that support sparse analyses. To pave the way to this framework we clarify the bibliography about well-known intermediate program representations. We show that our approach, up to parameter choice, subsumes many of these representations, such as the SSA, SSI and e-SSA forms. In particular, our algorithms are faster, simpler and more frugal than the previous techniques used to construct SSI - Static Single Information - form programs. We produce intermediate representations isomorphic to Choi et al.'s Sparse Evaluation Graphs (SEG) for the family of data-flow problems that can be partitioned per variables. However, contrary to SEGs, we can handle - sparsely - problems that are not in this family

Origins and comparative performance of the composite bow

This thesis shall identify the date origin of the composite bow within Mesopotamia and Elam. and both identify and quantify the design factors which lead to increased performance possible with composite construction. To accomplish this, the thesis begins by summarizing the problems and flaws that currently exist in the field of history as it applies specifically to archery and bow use. With problems identified, the thesis will then introduce the reader to the basics of bow mechanics, thereby laying the basis for physical testing. This in turn will empirically demonstrate flaws in the current iconographical method of bow identification. The thesis will then devise a new method for iconographic identification of composite construction that has greater proven accuracy, based upon proportional length, which will link extant artifacts with both physical test results and iconographic evidence. The reader shall then be led through a complete reevaluation of iconographical evidence for Mesopotamia and Elam starting at the beginning of the second millennium BCE and working backwards using this new method of iconographic evaluation to determine the point at which composite bow technology first appears in the ancient Near East. The thesis will finish with an overview of the above accomplishments and their potential impact on the study of ancient and military history.Classics and World LanguagesD. Litt. et Phil. (Classical Studies

Multi objective collaborative optimization of systems of systems

Thesis (Nav. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-88).Concept studies for warship designs typically focus on ship performance characteristics by setting design goals for such things as speed, range, and cost. However, warships generally operate as part of a larger battle or strike group. Therefore, the designs should be evaluated as part of a system of multiple ship systems since designing each ship individually may result in underutilized and excess equipment and capability; in other words an inefficient design of the system of systems. This thesis examines the simultaneous design of several ships using the sea base concept as an example application of a network of ships working together. The number and characteristics of these ships determine the mission performance of the sea base. To properly design any of the sea base ships, the interrelationships must be included. A mission simulation is used to combine the performance characteristics of different ship designs into a single performance objective: the time to deliver a brigade size combat force to its assigned objectives.(cont.) To enable the design of multiple ships, collaborative optimization, a multilevel optimization approach, was used to decompose the problem into individual ship design optimizations with system level interfaces controlled by a system of systems optimization algorithm. This allowed each ship to use techniques and algorithms best suited to reach an optimal design without impacting the design approaches used by the other ships. The classical collaborative optimization approach was relaxed to include multiple objectives such as performance and cost, thus developing a range of solutions which represent the tradeoff between these objectives.by Robert A. Wolf.S.M.Nav.E

19th Conference of The Associations of Christians In The Mathematical Sciences

Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences 19th Biennial Conference Proceedings, May 29 - June 1, 2011, Bethel University

SUDS : automatic parallelization for raw processors

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-181).A computer can never be too fast or too cheap. Computer systems pervade nearly every aspect of science, engineering, communications and commerce because they perform certain tasks at rates unachievable by any other kind of system built by humans. A computer system's throughput, however, is constrained by that system's ability to find concurrency. Given a particular target work load the computer architect's role is to design mechanisms to find and exploit the available concurrency in that work load. This thesis describes SUDS (Software Un-Do System), a compiler and runtime system that can automatically find and exploit the available concurrency of scalar operations in imperative programs with arbitrary unstructured and unpredictable control flow. The core compiler transformation that enables this is scalar queue conversion. Scalar queue conversion makes scalar renaming an explicit operation through a process similar to closure conversion, a technique traditionally used to compile functional languages. The scalar queue conversion compiler transformation is speculative, in the sense that it may introduce dynamic memory allocation operations into code that would not otherwise dynamically allocate memory. Thus, SUDS also includes a transactional runtime system that periodically checkpoints machine state, executes code speculatively, checks if the speculative execution produced results consistent with the original sequential program semantics, and then either commits or rolls back the speculative execution path. In addition to safely running scalar queue converted code, the SUDS runtime system safely permits threads to speculatively run in parallel and concurrently issue memory operations, even when the compiler is unable to prove that the reordered memory operations will always produce correct results.(cont.) Using this combination of compile time and runtime techniques, SUDS can find concurrency in programs where previous compiler based renaming techniques fail because the programs contain unstructured loops, and where Tomasulo's algorithm fails because it sequentializes mispredicted branches. Indeed, we describe three application programs, with unstructured control flow, where the prototype SUDS system, running in software on a Raw microprocessor, achieves speedups equivalent to, or better than, an idealized, and unrealizable, model of a hardware implementation of Tomasulo's algorithm.by Matthew Ian Frank.Ph.D

Mobile Learning: location, collaboration and scaffolding inquiry

Critiques of mobile learning pedagogy are concerned with whether such approaches are technology led. This chapter discusses how the particular features of mobile learning can be harnessed to provide new learning opportunities in relation to collaboration, inquiry and location-based learning. Technology supported inquiry learning is a situation rich with possibilities for collaboration. In particular, mobile learning offers new possibilities for scaffolding collaboration together with its other better-known features such as scaffolding the transfer between settings and making learning relevant by making use of the possibilities of location-based learning. These features are considered as part of mobile learning models, in particular mobile collaborative learning models

Science diplomacy and trans-boundary water management. The Orontes River case

The Mediterranean Basin in general, and more specifically its southeastern part, is encountering rapid changes leading to huge water stress and the tiniest percentage of available drinking water per inhabitant in the world. Changes leading to water scarcity include growing population, with rates annually exceeding 2.8%, and excessive water demand for irrigation. Climate change exacerbates water droughts and risks. Overall national sovereignty, political, social and economic factors seem to be equally important to the scarcity of water resources, which may influence conflicts and violent clashes (\u201cwater riots\u201d).This is the reason why water and hydro-diplomacy occupy a central space on the diplomatic agenda of the governments in the region, including Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Egypt and Turkey. To guarantee the equitable use of water resources for the population of the countries involved, a major task of hydro-diplomacy is to overcome a number of challenges and critical thresholds by exploring all possible options for consensus building and by using reliable scientific evidence.Hydro-diplomacy, as applied in the case of the Orontes, builds partly on traditional bilateral approaches, taking account of power relations, partly on observing International Law and partly on pursuing new methods and tendencies based on the analyses of the actual water needs at national and local level, considering in particular the most vulnerable communities and enhancing prospects for social and economic development.The present publication is based, on one hand, on the results of the ICT project funded by the Italian Development Cooperation (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation) through the University of Insubria, and on the other hand, on the data and accumulated experience of hydro-diplomacy efforts. It thus brings together two approaches: first a crisp analysis of the evolution in addressing the water challenges applying technological tools on basin management, and secondly, a pragmatic one, based on a case study dealing with water resources in the Middle East

History & Mathematics: Trends and Cycles

The present yearbook (which is the fourth in the series) is subtitled Trends & Cycles. It is devoted to cyclical and trend dynamics in society and nature; special attention is paid to economic and demographic aspects, in particular to the mathematical modeling of the Malthusian and post-Malthusian traps' dynamics. An increasingly important role is played by new directions in historical research that study long-term dynamic processes and quantitative changes. This kind of history can hardly develop without the application of mathematical methods. There is a tendency to study history as a system of various processes, within which one can detect waves and cycles of different lengths – from a few years to several centuries, or even millennia. The contributions to this yearbook present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of global historical, political, economic and demographic processes, as well as their mathematical models. This issue of the yearbook consists of three main sections: (I) Long-Term Trends in Nature and Society; (II) Cyclical Processes in Pre-industrial Societies; (III) Contemporary History and Processes. We hope that this issue of the yearbook will be interesting and useful both for historians and mathematicians, as well as for all those dealing with various social and natural science

Infrastructure Design, Signalling and Security in Railway

Railway transportation has become one of the main technological advances of our society. Since the first railway used to carry coal from a mine in Shropshire (England, 1600), a lot of efforts have been made to improve this transportation concept. One of its milestones was the invention and development of the steam locomotive, but commercial rail travels became practical two hundred years later. From these first attempts, railway infrastructures, signalling and security have evolved and become more complex than those performed in its earlier stages. This book will provide readers a comprehensive technical guide, covering these topics and presenting a brief overview of selected railway systems in the world. The objective of the book is to serve as a valuable reference for students, educators, scientists, faculty members, researchers, and engineers

English for Маster Students (Англійська мова для магістрантів)

Практикум містить матеріал, необхідний для проведення аудиторних практичних занять з англійської мови студентів-магістрантів фізико-математичного факультету