Reverse Logistics Modeling Considering Environmental and Manufacturing Costs: A Case Study of Battery Recycling in Indonesia

This article models a reverse logistics network for battery recycling with consideration of environmental and manufacturing costs. The model is developed for a reverse flow multi-echelon supply chain, from end customers to the remanufacturing process. Linear programming is used to formulate mathematical models and LINGO® is applied to solve the problem of determining optimal orders for and sales of recycled batteries, lead alloy and plastics, as well as the optimal level of safety stock (service level) for the recycling centers along the reverse logistics network. The number of battery orders from unused battery collectors, and the sales of lead alloy and plastics to the remanufacturing process considering transportation, environmental cost, disassembly cost and inventory costs, are found optimally in different periods. The study also indicates that there is a correlation between the associated costs and inventory decisions and total profit in recycling centers

Modeling and Analysis of Resolve and Morale for the `Long War\u27

In The Art of War, Sun Tzu begins by stating: War is a matter of vital importance to the State; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin. It is mandatory that it be thoroughly studied. Sun Tzu follow\u27s this opening by stating five fundamental factors a commander must master to be successful in combat. The first of these factors is moral influence which Sun Tzu defines as that which causes the people to be in harmony with their leaders, so they will accompany them in life and death without fear of mortal peril. In the face of the instant communication provided by satellites, 24 hour news media coverage, and other technological advances, this factor is even more relevant today. This research provides an analytic framework, based on the principles of fourth generation operations, capturing the effects of will and resolve of the combatant and population. The strategic level model investigates the long term impacts of asymmetric conflict. These results are primarily measured in the socio-political arena rather than the military battlefield. The model developed in this dissertation remains a model of conflict and combat. However, some of the impacts from the political, economic, and informational instruments of power are represented in the model through the dynamic adaptation of public resolve and combat spirit. To paraphrase Sun Tzu, war is vitally important and must be studied. Therefore, this dissertation puts forth a means to model key aspects of conflict in the `long war\u27

Passengers, Crowding and Complexity : Models for passenger oriented public transport

Passengers, Crowding and Complexity was written as part of the Complexity in Public Transport (ComPuTr) project funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). This thesis studies in three parts how microscopic data can be used in models that have the potential to improve utilization, while preventing excess crowding. _In the first part_, the emergence of crowding caused by interactions between the behavior of passengers and the public transport operators who plan the vehicle capacities is modeled. Using simulations the impact of the information disclosed to the passengers by public transport operators on the utilization and passenger satisfaction is analyzed. A quasi-experiment with a large group of students in a similar setting finds that four types of behavior can be observed. _In the second part_, algorithms that can extract temporal and spatial patterns from smart card data are developed and a first step to use such patterns in an agent based simulation is made. Furthermore, a way to generate synthetic smart card data is proposed. This is useful for the empirical validation of algorithms that analyze such data. _In the third and final part_ it is considered how individual decision strategies can be developed in situations where there exists uncertainty ab