875 research outputs found
Integrating Web Services into Agentcities
This document describes how to make Web Services available to agents in an Agentcities environment and how to make agent-based services available to Web Service servers in a Web Services environment
A commentary on standardization in the Semantic Web, Common Logic and MultiAgent Systems
Given the ubiquity of the Web, the Semantic Web (SW) offers MultiAgent Systems (MAS) a most wide-ranging platform by which they could intercommunicate. It can be argued however that MAS require levels of logic that the current Semantic Web has yet to provide. As ISO Common Logic (CL) ISO/IEC IS 24707:2007 provides a firstorder logic capability for MAS in an interoperable way, it seems natural to investigate how CL may itself integrate with the SW thus providing a more expressive means by which MAS can interoperate effectively across the SW. A commentary is accordingly presented on how this may be achieved. Whilst it notes that certain limitations remain to be addressed, the commentary proposes that standardising the SW with CL provides the vehicle by which MAS can achieve their potential.</p
Filling the Ontology Space for Coalition Battle Management Language
The Coalition Battle Management Language is a language for representing and exchanging plans, orders, and reports across live, constructive and robotic forces in multi-service, multi-national and multi-organizational operations. Standardization efforts in the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization seek to define this language through three parallel activities: (1) specify a sufficient data model to unambiguously define a set of orders using the Joint Command, Control, and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) as a starting point; (2) develop a formal grammar (lexicon and production rules) to formalize the definition of orders, requests, and reports; (3) develop a formal battle management ontology to enable conceptual interoperability across software systems. This paper focuses on the third activity, development of a formal battle management ontology, by describing an ontology space for potential technical approaches. An ontology space is a notional three dimensional space with qualitative axes representing: (1) the Ontological Spectrum; (2) the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model; and (3) candidate representation sources that can contribute to conceptual interoperability for the Coalition Battle Management Language. The first dimension is the Ontological Spectrum, which shows increasing levels of semantic formalism using various ontology representation artifacts. The second dimension is the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model, which describes varying levels of interoperability that can be attained across systems. The third dimension is a survey of likely candidate sources to provide the representation elements required for interoperability. This third dimension will be further described in relation to the artifact capabilities of the second dimension and the conceptual interoperability capabilities of the first dimension to highlight what is possible for ontological representation in C-BML with existing sources, and what needs to be added. The paper identifies requirements for building the ontology artifacts (starting with a controlled vocabulary) for conceptual interoperability, the highest level described in the LCIM, and gives a path ahead for increasingly logical artifacts
A conceptual framework and a risk management approach for interoperability between geospatial datacubes
De nos jours, nous observons un intĂ©rĂȘt grandissant pour les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles. Ces bases de donnĂ©es sont dĂ©veloppĂ©es pour faciliter la prise de dĂ©cisions stratĂ©giques des organisations, et plus spĂ©cifiquement lorsquâil sâagit de donnĂ©es de diffĂ©rentes Ă©poques et de diffĂ©rents niveaux de granularitĂ©. Cependant, les utilisateurs peuvent avoir besoin dâutiliser plusieurs bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles. Ces bases de donnĂ©es peuvent ĂȘtre sĂ©mantiquement hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes et caractĂ©risĂ©es par diffĂ©rent degrĂ©s de pertinence par rapport au contexte dâutilisation. RĂ©soudre les problĂšmes sĂ©mantiques liĂ©s Ă lâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© et Ă la diffĂ©rence de pertinence dâune maniĂšre transparente aux utilisateurs a Ă©tĂ© lâobjectif principal de lâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ© au cours des quinze derniĂšres annĂ©es. Dans ce contexte, diffĂ©rentes solutions ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©es pour traiter lâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ©. Cependant, ces solutions ont adoptĂ© une approche non systĂ©matique. De plus, aucune solution pour rĂ©soudre des problĂšmes sĂ©mantiques spĂ©cifiques liĂ©s Ă lâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ© entre les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles nâa Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©e. Dans cette thĂšse, nous supposons quâil est possible de dĂ©finir une approche qui traite ces problĂšmes sĂ©mantiques pour assurer lâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ© entre les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles. Ainsi, nous dĂ©finissons tout dâabord lâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ© entre ces bases de donnĂ©es. Ensuite, nous dĂ©finissons et classifions les problĂšmes dâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© sĂ©mantique qui peuvent se produire au cours dâune telle interopĂ©rabilitĂ© de diffĂ©rentes bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles. Afin de rĂ©soudre ces problĂšmes dâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© sĂ©mantique, nous proposons un cadre conceptuel qui se base sur la communication humaine. Dans ce cadre, une communication sâĂ©tablit entre deux agents systĂšme reprĂ©sentant les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles impliquĂ©es dans un processus dâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ©. Cette communication vise Ă Ă©changer de lâinformation sur le contenu de ces bases. Ensuite, dans lâintention dâaider les agents Ă prendre des dĂ©cisions appropriĂ©es au cours du processus dâinteropĂ©rabilitĂ©, nous Ă©valuons un ensemble dâindicateurs de la qualitĂ© externe (fitness-for-use) des schĂ©mas et du contexte de production (ex., les mĂ©tadonnĂ©es). Finalement, nous mettons en Ćuvre lâapproche afin de montrer sa faisabilitĂ©.Today, we observe wide use of geospatial databases that are implemented in many forms (e.g., transactional centralized systems, distributed databases, multidimensional datacubes). Among those possibilities, the multidimensional datacube is more appropriate to support interactive analysis and to guide the organizationâs strategic decisions, especially when different epochs and levels of information granularity are involved. However, one may need to use several geospatial multidimensional datacubes which may be semantically heterogeneous and having different degrees of appropriateness to the context of use. Overcoming the semantic problems related to the semantic heterogeneity and to the difference in the appropriateness to the context of use in a manner that is transparent to users has been the principal aim of interoperability for the last fifteen years. However, in spite of successful initiatives, today's solutions have evolved in a non systematic way. Moreover, no solution has been found to address specific semantic problems related to interoperability between geospatial datacubes. In this thesis, we suppose that it is possible to define an approach that addresses these semantic problems to support interoperability between geospatial datacubes. For that, we first describe interoperability between geospatial datacubes. Then, we define and categorize the semantic heterogeneity problems that may occur during the interoperability process of different geospatial datacubes. In order to resolve semantic heterogeneity between geospatial datacubes, we propose a conceptual framework that is essentially based on human communication. In this framework, software agents representing geospatial datacubes involved in the interoperability process communicate together. Such communication aims at exchanging information about the content of geospatial datacubes. Then, in order to help agents to make appropriate decisions during the interoperability process, we evaluate a set of indicators of the external quality (fitness-for-use) of geospatial datacube schemas and of production context (e.g., metadata). Finally, we implement the proposed approach to show its feasibility
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Semantic web services for simulation component reuse and interoperability: An ontology approach
Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used in industry primarily due to economic factors associated with developing proprietary software platforms. Regardless of their widespread use, CSPs have yet to operate across organizational boundaries. The limited reuse and interoperability of CSPs are affected by the same semantic issues that restrict the inter-organizational use of software components and web services. The current representations of Web components are predominantly syntactic in nature lacking the fundamental semantic underpinning required to support discovery on the emerging Semantic Web. The authors present new research that partially alleviates the problem of limited semantic reuse and interoperability of simulation components in CSPs. Semantic models, in the form of ontologies, utilized by the authorsâ Web service discovery and deployment architecture provide one approach to support simulation model reuse. Semantic interoperation is achieved through a simulation component ontology that is used to identify required components at varying levels of granularity (i.e. including both abstract and specialized components). Selected simulation components are loaded into a CSP, modified according to the requirements of the new model and executed. The research presented here is based on the development of an ontology, connector software, and a Web service discovery architecture. The ontology is extracted from simulation scenarios involving airport, restaurant and kitchen service suppliers. The ontology engineering framework and discovery architecture provide a novel approach to inter-organizational simulation, by adopting a less intrusive interface between participants Although specific to CSPs this work has wider implications for the simulation community. The reason being that the community as a whole stands to benefit through from an increased awareness of the state-of-the-art in Software Engineering (for example, ontology-supported component discovery and reuse, and service-oriented computing), and it is expected that this will eventually lead to the development of a unique Software Engineering-inspired methodology to build simulations in future
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