2,550 research outputs found
CLEAR: a credible method to evaluate website archivability
Web archiving is crucial to ensure that cultural, scientific
and social heritage on the web remains accessible and usable
over time. A key aspect of the web archiving process is optimal data extraction from target websites. This procedure is
difficult for such reasons as, website complexity, plethora of
underlying technologies and ultimately the open-ended nature of the web. The purpose of this work is to establish
the notion of Website Archivability (WA) and to introduce
the Credible Live Evaluation of Archive Readiness (CLEAR)
method to measure WA for any website. Website Archivability captures the core aspects of a website crucial in diagnosing whether it has the potentiality to be archived with completeness and accuracy. An appreciation of the archivability
of a web site should provide archivists with a valuable tool
when assessing the possibilities of archiving material and in-
uence web design professionals to consider the implications
of their design decisions on the likelihood could be archived.
A prototype application, archiveready.com, has been established to demonstrate the viabiity of the proposed method
for assessing Website Archivability
Mapping web personal learning environments
A recent trend in web development is to build platforms which are carefully designed to host a plurality of software components (sometimes called widgets or plugins) which can be organized or combined (mashed-up) at user's convenience to create personalized environments. The same holds true for the web development of educational applications. The degree of personalization can depend on the role of users such as in traditional virtual learning environment, where the components are chosen by a teacher in the context of a course. Or, it can be more opened as in a so-called personalized learning environment (PLE). It now exists a wide array of available web platforms exhibiting different functionalities but all built on the same concept of aggregating components together to support different tasks and scenarios. There is now an overlap between the development of PLE and the more generic developments in web 2.0 applications such as social network sites. This article shows that 6 more or less independent dimensions allow to map the functionalities of these platforms: the screen dimensionmaps the visual integration, the data dimension maps the portability of data, the temporal dimension maps the coupling between participants, the social dimension maps the grouping of users, the activity dimension maps the structuring of end users–interactions with the environment, and the runtime dimensionmaps the flexibility in accessing the system from different end points. Finally these dimensions are used to compare 6 familiar Web platforms which could potentially be used in the construction of a PLE
Is there a need for greater integration and shift in policy to tackle food waste? Insights from a review of European Union legislations
Within the European Union, there is an increasing recognition about the negative environmental impacts of food waste making it a prominent policy issue. But there is no clarity whether policies aimed at food waste minimisation are based on sound legislative frameworks that actually empower the relevant actors. By carefully reviewing existing European Union legislations that are linked directly or indirectly to food waste, we identify the difficulties encountered by stakeholders and assess whether adaptations to the rules-in-use are beneficial and desirable. Our general finding is that liability for donated foodstuffs, date marking provisions, the flexibility principle provided by the European Union Hygiene Package and fiscal rules are the main policy elements affecting, either positively or negatively, food waste generation and management. Food donation for charitable purposes emerges as the predominant Pan-European Union waste management solution. While removing existing barriers for food donors and banks is fundamental—as it makes redistribution more effective—this does not tackle prevention of excess food generation. We conclude that while there are several European Union food legislations which include and impact food waste management options, they are hardly direct. Moreover, they often generate incentives that are at odds across stakeholders, thereby dampening the intended impact. There is, therefore, need for an integrated policy framework to tackle food waste specifically. For that to happen though, a pre-requisite is lot more empirical research on the interaction effects of various food waste legislations
Deep Item-based Collaborative Filtering for Top-N Recommendation
Item-based Collaborative Filtering(short for ICF) has been widely adopted in
recommender systems in industry, owing to its strength in user interest
modeling and ease in online personalization. By constructing a user's profile
with the items that the user has consumed, ICF recommends items that are
similar to the user's profile. With the prevalence of machine learning in
recent years, significant processes have been made for ICF by learning item
similarity (or representation) from data. Nevertheless, we argue that most
existing works have only considered linear and shallow relationship between
items, which are insufficient to capture the complicated decision-making
process of users.
In this work, we propose a more expressive ICF solution by accounting for the
nonlinear and higher-order relationship among items. Going beyond modeling only
the second-order interaction (e.g. similarity) between two items, we
additionally consider the interaction among all interacted item pairs by using
nonlinear neural networks. Through this way, we can effectively model the
higher-order relationship among items, capturing more complicated effects in
user decision-making. For example, it can differentiate which historical
itemsets in a user's profile are more important in affecting the user to make a
purchase decision on an item. We treat this solution as a deep variant of ICF,
thus term it as DeepICF. To justify our proposal, we perform empirical studies
on two public datasets from MovieLens and Pinterest. Extensive experiments
verify the highly positive effect of higher-order item interaction modeling
with nonlinear neural networks. Moreover, we demonstrate that by more
fine-grained second-order interaction modeling with attention network, the
performance of our DeepICF method can be further improved.Comment: 25 pages, submitted to TOI
Everyone is a Curator: Human-Assisted Preservation for ORE Aggregations
The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) has recently created the Object Reuse and
Exchange (ORE) project that defines Resource Maps (ReMs) for describing
aggregations of web resources. These aggregations are susceptible to many of
the same preservation challenges that face other web resources. In this paper,
we investigate how the aggregations of web resources can be preserved outside
of the typical repository environment and instead rely on the thousands of
interactive users in the web community and the Web Infrastructure (the
collection of web archives, search engines, and personal archiving services) to
facilitate preservation. Inspired by Web 2.0 services such as digg,
deli.cio.us, and Yahoo! Buzz, we have developed a lightweight system called
ReMember that attempts to harness the collective abilities of the web community
for preservation purposes instead of solely placing the burden of curatorial
responsibilities on a small number of experts.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, accepted at DigCCurr 200
Web 2.0 and its impact on knowledge and business organizations
Today, information overload and the lack of systems that enable locating employees with the right knowledge or skills are common challenges that large organisations face. This makes knowledge workers to re-invent the wheel and have problems to retrieve information from both internal and external resources. In addition, information is dynamically changing and ownership of data is moving from corporations to the individuals. However, there is a set of web based tools that may cause a major progress in the way people collaborate and share their knowledge. This article aims to analyse the impact of ‘Web 2.0’ on organisational knowledge strategies. A comprehensive literature review was done to present the academic background followed by a review of current ‘Web 2.0’ technologies and assessment of their strengths and weaknesses. As the framework of this study is oriented to business applications, the characteristics of the involved segments and tools were reviewed from an organisational point of view. Moreover, the ‘Enterprise 2.0’ paradigm does not only imply tools but also changes the way people collaborate, the way the work is done (processes) and finally impacts on other technologies. Finally, gaps in the literature in this area are outlined
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