ECARDM: Energy Consumption Aware Route Discovery for Multicasting in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Consideration of energy consumption in the case of wireless ad hoc networks leads to effective reduction of energy consumption by the nodes and increases the lifetime of the batteries for nodes. It is imperative from the existing models that there is significant scope for improvement in the energy-consumption based route discovery models. A model of Fuzzy based marginal energy disbursed multicast route discovery model for MANETs can support in reducing the power consumption has been proposed in our earlier research paper. In the present paper, a contemporary solution termed 201C;Energy Consumption Aware Route Discovery for Multicasting for MANETs201D; has been proposed, which is profoundly a fuzzy reasoning and genetic algorithm based model that focus on both the energy consumption and also the element of end-to-end delay whilst discovering the route. The experimental study of the model in comparison to BWDCMR and GAEEQMR models depicted that the proposed algorithm is very effective and can certainly be result oriented

Energy Efficient Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Contemporary Affirmation of Benchmarking Models in Recent Literature

The Mobile Ad hoc Networks playing critical role in network aided communication requirements The features such as ad hoc and open architecture based connectivity and node mobility are elevating the mobile ad hoc networks as much as feasible to deploy and use The direct communication between any of two nodes in this network is possible if target node is in the range of source node If not the indirect communication took place which is usually referred as multi hop routing The multi hop routing occurs as either a unicast model one source node to one destination node multicast model one source node to multiple destination nodes or multiple casting manifold unicast routing In these routing strategies provision of service quality in multi hop routing is a challenging task The optimal quality of service in routing magnifies the delivery ratio transmission rate network life span and other expected characteristics of the ad hoc routing Among the quality service provision factors minimal energy conservation is prime factor which is since the nodes involved in routing are self-energized and if discharged early then the route will be destructed that causes discontinued routing The energy consumption is more specific in multicast routing hence it is grabbing the more attention of the current research contribution

Improving Multicast Communications Over Wireless Mesh Networks

In wireless mesh networks (WMNs) the traditional approach to shortest path tree based multicasting is to cater for the needs of the poorest performingnode i.e. the maximum permitted multicast line rate is limited to the lowest line rate used by the individual Child nodes on a branch. In general, this meansfixing the line rate to its minimum value and fixing the transmit power to its maximum permitted value. This simplistic approach of applying a single multicast rate for all nodes in the multicast group results in a sub-optimal trade-off between the mean network throughput and coverage area that does not allow for high bandwidth multimedia applications to be supported. By relaxing this constraint and allowing multiple line rates to be used, the mean network throughput can be improved. This thesis presents two methods that aim to increase the mean network throughput through the use of multiple line rates by the forwarding nodes. This is achieved by identifying the Child nodes responsible for reducing the multicast group rate. The first method identifies specific locations for the placement of relay nodes which allows for higher multicast branch line rates to be used. The second method uses a power control algorithm to tune the transmit power to allow for higher multicast branch line rates. The use of power control also helps to reduce the interference caused to neighbouring nodes.Through extensive computer simulation it can be shown that these two methods can lead to a four-fold gain in the mean network throughput undertypical WMN operating conditions compared with the single line rate case

Physical Layer Service Integration in 5G: Potentials and Challenges

High transmission rate and secure communication have been identified as the key targets that need to be effectively addressed by fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. In this context, the concept of physical-layer security becomes attractive, as it can establish perfect security using only the characteristics of wireless medium. Nonetheless, to further increase the spectral efficiency, an emerging concept, termed physical-layer service integration (PHY-SI), has been recognized as an effective means. Its basic idea is to combine multiple coexisting services, i.e., multicast/broadcast service and confidential service, into one integral service for one-time transmission at the transmitter side. This article first provides a tutorial on typical PHY-SI models. Furthermore, we propose some state-of-the-art solutions to improve the overall performance of PHY-SI in certain important communication scenarios. In particular, we highlight the extension of several concepts borrowed from conventional single-service communications, such as artificial noise (AN), eigenmode transmission etc., to the scenario of PHY-SI. These techniques are shown to be effective in the design of reliable and robust PHY-SI schemes. Finally, several potential research directions are identified for future work.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Routing and Broadcast Development for Minimizing Transmission Interruption in Multi rate Wireless Mesh Networks using Directional Antennas

Using directional antennas to reduce interference and improve throughput in multi hop wireless networks has attracted much attention from the research community in recent years. In this paper, we consider the issue of minimum delay broadcast in multi rate wireless mesh networks using directional antennas. We are given a set of mesh routers equipped with directional antennas, one of which is the gateway node and the source of the broadcast. Our objective is to minimize the total transmission delay for all the other nodes to receive a broadcast packet from the source, by determining the set of relay nodes and computing the number and orientations of beams formed by each relay node. We propose a heuristic solution with two steps. Firstly, we construct a broadcast routing tree by defining a new routing metric to select the relay nodes and compute the optimal antenna beams for each relay node. Then, we use a greedy method to make scheduling of concurrent transmissions without causing beam interference. Extensive simulations have demonstrated that our proposed method can reduce the broadcast delay significantly compared with the methods using omnidirectional antennas and single-rate transmission. In addition, the results also show that our method performs better than the method with fixed antenna beams. Keywords: Multihop, Wireless, Mesh, Omnidirectional 

A Survey of Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks and Challenges Ahead

Physical layer security which safeguards data confidentiality based on the information-theoretic approaches has received significant research interest recently. The key idea behind physical layer security is to utilize the intrinsic randomness of the transmission channel to guarantee the security in physical layer. The evolution towards 5G wireless communications poses new challenges for physical layer security research. This paper provides a latest survey of the physical layer security research on various promising 5G technologies, including physical layer security coding, massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks, non-orthogonal multiple access, full duplex technology, etc. Technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and the future trends of physical layer security in 5G and beyond are discussed.Comment: To appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication