21,649 research outputs found
Comprehensive Monitor-Oriented Compensation Programming
Compensation programming is typically used in the programming of web service
compositions whose correct implementation is crucial due to their handling of
security-critical activities such as financial transactions. While traditional
exception handling depends on the state of the system at the moment of failure,
compensation programming is significantly more challenging and dynamic because
it is dependent on the runtime execution flow - with the history of behaviour
of the system at the moment of failure affecting how to apply compensation. To
address this dynamic element, we propose the use of runtime monitors to
facilitate compensation programming, with monitors enabling the modeller to be
able to implicitly reason in terms of the runtime control flow, thus separating
the concerns of system building and compensation modelling. Our approach is
instantiated into an architecture and shown to be applicable to a case study.Comment: In Proceedings FESCA 2014, arXiv:1404.043
Remittances, Value Added Tax and Tax Revenue in Developing Countries
This paper examines the impact of international remittances on both the level and the instability of government tax revenue in receiving countries. It investigates in particular whether the presence of a value added tax (VAT) system increases the benefit of the inflows of remittances in terms of high and less volatile tax revenue ratio. This is supported by the fact that remittances are largely used for consumption purposes and contribute to smoothing private consumption. Using a large sample of developing countries observed over the period 1980-2006, and even after factoring in the endogeneity of remittances and VAT adoption, the results highlight that remittances significantly increase both the level and the stability of government tax revenue ratio in receiving countries that have adopted the VAT.Remittances, VAT, Tax revenue, Tax Revenue Instability
Remittances, Value Added Tax and Tax Revenue in Developing Countries
This paper examines the impact of international remittances on both the level and the instability of government tax revenue in receiving countries. It investigates in particular whether the presence of a value added tax (VAT) system increases the benefit of the inflows of remittances in terms of high and less volatile tax revenue ratio. This is supported by the fact that remittances are largely used for consumption purposes and contribute to smoothing private consumption. Using a large sample of developing countries observed over the period 1980-2006, and even after factoring in the endogeneity of remittances and VAT adoption, the results highlight that remittances significantly increase both the level and the stability of government tax revenue ratio in receiving countries that have adopted the VAT.Remittances;VAT;Tax revenue;Tax Revenue Instability
Convergence Analysis of Mixed Timescale Cross-Layer Stochastic Optimization
This paper considers a cross-layer optimization problem driven by
multi-timescale stochastic exogenous processes in wireless communication
networks. Due to the hierarchical information structure in a wireless network,
a mixed timescale stochastic iterative algorithm is proposed to track the
time-varying optimal solution of the cross-layer optimization problem, where
the variables are partitioned into short-term controls updated in a faster
timescale, and long-term controls updated in a slower timescale. We focus on
establishing a convergence analysis framework for such multi-timescale
algorithms, which is difficult due to the timescale separation of the algorithm
and the time-varying nature of the exogenous processes. To cope with this
challenge, we model the algorithm dynamics using stochastic differential
equations (SDEs) and show that the study of the algorithm convergence is
equivalent to the study of the stochastic stability of a virtual stochastic
dynamic system (VSDS). Leveraging the techniques of Lyapunov stability, we
derive a sufficient condition for the algorithm stability and a tracking error
bound in terms of the parameters of the multi-timescale exogenous processes.
Based on these results, an adaptive compensation algorithm is proposed to
enhance the tracking performance. Finally, we illustrate the framework by an
application example in wireless heterogeneous network
Attitude control system
An attitude control system is described in which angular rate signals are generated by rate gyros mounted closely adjacent to gimbaled engines at the rear of a vehicle. Error signals representative of a commanded change in vehicle angle or attitude are obtained from a precision inertial platform located in the nose region of the vehicle. The rate gyro derived signals dominate at high frequencies where dynamic effects become significant, and platform signals dominate at low frequencies where precision signals are required for a steady vehicle attitude. The blended signals are applied in a conventional manner to control the gimbaling of vehicle engines about control axes
Local Power to Tax and Devolution: An Empirical Assessment of the French Constitutional Reform
The article explores the content and consequences of the French constitutional reform of March 2003. Among the objectives of that reform, one is to preserve the tax autonomy for the local public sector; another is to ensure that the coming wave of devolution of competencies to decentralised levels of government will be adequately financed. These constitutional safeguards are assessed and they prove to be somewhat counterproductive, as if the recourse to the higher level of juridical norms could not replace the legislative level when reforms of local public finance, however difficult, have to be conducted.Central government, Constitutional reform, France, Local public sector, Local taxation, National grants.
A Step towards Valuing Utility the Marginal and Cardinal Way
Income has a direct impact on our utility as well as an indirect impact through the goods, services and life events it allows us to purchase. The indirect effect of income is not properly accounted for in existing research that uses measures of cardinal utility for economic analysis. We propose a new approach for appropriately attributing the full effects of income on utility and we show the implications of our approach using a longitudinal dataset that contains reports of subjective wellbeing (SWB). We show that income has a much greater effect on SWB when indirect effects are considered. These results have important implications for how we value the marginal benefits of non-market goods and we explore some of these issues in the papersubjective well-being, utility, happiness, multicollinearity, income, non-market goods
Non-market time and household well-being
A distinguishing feature among households is whether adult members work or not, since the employment status affects a household's available time for home activities. Using a survey method in two countries, Belgium and Germany, we provide household incomes that retain the level of well-being across different family types, distinguished by family size and employment status of adults. Our tests support that specialization in home production and childcare-time costs are important determinants of household well-being. Estimates of child costs relative to an adult are higher for households that are time-constrained (all adults in the household work), and also higher for poorer households. --household production,child costs,childcare,survey method
- …