Networked Control System Design and Parameter Estimation

Networked control systems (NCSs) are a kind of distributed control systems in which the data between control components are exchanged via communication networks. Because of the attractive advantages of NCSs such as reduced system wiring, low weight, and ease of system diagnosis and maintenance, the research on NCSs has received much attention in recent years. The first part (Chapter 2 - Chapter 4) of the thesis is devoted to designing new controllers for NCSs by incorporating the network-induced delays. The thesis also conducts research on filtering of multirate systems and identification of Hammerstein systems in the second part (Chapter 5 - Chapter 6). Network-induced delays exist in both sensor-to-controller (S-C) and controller-to-actuator (C-A) links. A novel two-mode-dependent control scheme is proposed, in which the to-be-designed controller depends on both S-C and C-A delays. The resulting closed-loop system is a special jump linear system. Then, the conditions for stochastic stability are obtained in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with nonconvex constraints, which can be efficiently solved by a sequential LMI optimization algorithm. Further, the control synthesis problem for the NCSs is considered. The definitions of H₂ and H∞ norms for the special system are first proposed. Also, the plant uncertainties are considered in the design. Finally, the robust mixed H₂/H∞ control problem is solved under the framework of LMIs. To compensate for both S-C and C-A delays modeled by Markov chains, the generalized predictive control method is modified to choose certain predicted future control signal as the current control effort on the actuator node, whenever the control signal is delayed. Further, stability criteria in terms of LMIs are provided to check the system stability. The proposed method is also tested on an experimental hydraulic position control system. Multirate systems exist in many practical applications where different sampling rates co-exist in the same system. The l₂-l∞ filtering problem for multirate systems is considered in the thesis. By using the lifting technique, the system is first transformed to a linear time-invariant one, and then the filter design is formulated as an optimization problem which can be solved by using LMI techniques. Hammerstein model consists of a static nonlinear block followed in series by a linear dynamic system, which can find many applications in different areas. New switching sequences to handle the two-segment nonlinearities are proposed in this thesis. This leads to less parameters to be estimated and thus reduces the computational cost. Further, a stochastic gradient algorithm based on the idea of replacing the unmeasurable terms with their estimates is developed to identify the Hammerstein model with two-segment nonlinearities. Finally, several open problems are listed as the future research directions

Cooperativity and its use in robust control and state estimation for uncertain dynamic systems with engineering applications

This work shows a general applicable approach to robustly control uncertain dynamic systems, where the uncertainty is given by bounded intervals. The presented robust control methods rely on a verified enclosure of the state intervals. Since state-of-the-art-methods to calculate this fail, the property of cooperativity is used. However, since not all systems are naturally cooperative, a transformation routine is established to widen the possible application of this method. Different application scenarios chosen from a variety of engineering fields are used to validate the theoretical findings.Diese Arbeit zeigt einen generell verwendbaren Ansatz, um ein unsicheres dynamisches System robust zu regeln. Der gezeigte Ansatz verwendet dabei verifizierte Intervalleinschlüsse, die sich aus der intervallbasierten Unsicherheit ergeben. Da moderne Rechenmethoden hierbei versagen, wird die Eigenschaft der Kooperativität ausgenutzt, um dies dennoch zu ermöglichen. Da nicht alle Systeme diese Eigenschaft direkt aufweisen, wird eine Transformationsroutine entwickelt, um den gezeigten Ansatz auf andere Einsatzszenarien zu erweitern. Dies wird durch verschiedene Anwendungen in der Arbeit bewiesen

Measurements, Models, Systems and Design

531 s.

Discrete Time Systems

Discrete-Time Systems comprehend an important and broad research field. The consolidation of digital-based computational means in the present, pushes a technological tool into the field with a tremendous impact in areas like Control, Signal Processing, Communications, System Modelling and related Applications. This book attempts to give a scope in the wide area of Discrete-Time Systems. Their contents are grouped conveniently in sections according to significant areas, namely Filtering, Fixed and Adaptive Control Systems, Stability Problems and Miscellaneous Applications. We think that the contribution of the book enlarges the field of the Discrete-Time Systems with signification in the present state-of-the-art. Despite the vertiginous advance in the field, we also believe that the topics described here allow us also to look through some main tendencies in the next years in the research area

Nouveaux schémas de commande et d'observation basés sur les modèles de Takagi-Sugeno

This thesis addresses the estimation and controller design for continuous-time nonlinear systems. The methodologies developed are based on the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) representation of the nonlinear model via the sector nonlinearity approach. All strategies intend to get more relaxed conditions.The results presented for controller design are split in two parts. The first part is about standard TS models under control schemes based on: 1) a quadratic Lyapunov function (QLF); 2) a fuzzy Lyapunov function (FLF); 3) a line-integral Lyapunov functions (LILF); 4) a novel non-quadratic Lyapunov functional (NQLF). The second part concerns to TS descriptor models. Two strategies are proposed: 1) within the quadratic framework, conditions based on a general control law and some matrix transformations; 2) an extension to the nonquadratic approach based on a line-integral Lyapunov function (LILF) using non-PDC control law schemes and the Finsler’s Lemma; this strategy offers parameter-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions instead of bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints for second-order systems. On the other hand, the problem of the state estimation for nonlinear systems via TS models is also addressed considering: a) the particular case where premise vectors are based on measured variables and b) the general case where premise vectors can be based on unmeasured variables. Several examples have been included to illustrate the applicability of the obtained results.Cette thèse aborde l'estimation et la conception de commande de systèmes non linéaires à temps continu. Les méthodologies développées sont basées sur la représentation Takagi-Sugeno (TS) du modèle non linéaire par l'approche du secteur non-linéarité. Toutes les stratégies ont l'intention d'obtenir des conditions plus détendu. Les résultats présentés pour la conception de commande sont divisés en deux parties. La première partie est environ sur les modèles TS standard au titre des schémas de commande basés sur: 1) une fonction de Lyapunov quadratique (QLF); 2) une fonction de Lyapunov floue (FLF); 3) une fonction de Lyapunov intégrale de ligne (LILF); 4) un nouveau fonctionnelle de Lyapunov non-quadratique (NQLF). La deuxième partie concerne des modèles TS descripteurs. Deux stratégies sont proposées: 1) dans le cadre quadratique, des conditions basées sur une loi de commande général et quelques transformations de matrices; 2) une extension de l'approche non quadratique basée sur LILF utilisant un schéma de commande non-PDC et le lemme du Finsler; cette stratégie offre conditions sur la forme d’inégalité matricielles linéaires (LMI) dépendant des paramètres au lieu des contraintes sur la forme d’inégalité matricielles bilinéaires (BMI) pour les systèmes de second ordre. D'autre part, le problème de l'estimation de l'état pour les systèmes non linéaires via modèles TS est également abordé considérant: a) le cas particulier où les vecteurs prémisses sont basées sur les variables mesurées et b) le cas général où les vecteurs prémisse peuvent être basés sur des variables non mesurées. Plusieurs exemples ont été inclus pour illustrer l'applicabilité des résultats obtenus

Advances in Control of Power Electronic Converters

This book proposes a list of contributions in the field of control of power electronics converters for different topologies: DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC. It particularly focuses on the use of different advanced control techniques with the aim of improving the performances, flexibility and efficiency in the context of several operation conditions. Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic based control, dead time compensation and optimal linear control are among the techniques developed in the special issue. Simulation and experimental results are provided by the authors to validate the proposed control strategies

Robust H₂analysis for continuous time systems

Caption title.Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).Supported by ARO. DAALO3-92-G-0115 Supported by a grant from Siemens AG and Draper Lab. DL-H-48452Fernando Paganini

Spectrum analysis of LTI continuous-time systems with constant delays: A literature overview of some recent results

In recent decades, increasingly intensive research attention has been given to dynamical systems containing delays and those affected by the after-effect phenomenon. Such research covers a wide range of human activities and the solutions of related engineering problems often require interdisciplinary cooperation. The knowledge of the spectrum of these so-called time-delay systems (TDSs) is very crucial for the analysis of their dynamical properties, especially stability, periodicity, and dumping effect. A great volume of mathematical methods and techniques to analyze the spectrum of the TDSs have been developed and further applied in the most recent times. Although a broad family of nonlinear, stochastic, sampled-data, time-variant or time-varying-delay systems has been considered, the study of the most fundamental continuous linear time-invariant (LTI) TDSs with fixed delays is still the dominant research direction with ever-increasing new results and novel applications. This paper is primarily aimed at a (systematic) literature overview of recent (mostly published between 2013 to 2017) advances regarding the spectrum analysis of the LTI-TDSs. Specifically, a total of 137 collected articles-which are most closely related to the research area-are eventually reviewed. There are two main objectives of this review paper: First, to provide the reader with a detailed literature survey on the selected recent results on the topic and Second, to suggest possible future research directions to be tackled by scientists and engineers in the field. © 2013 IEEE.MSMT-7778/2014, FEDER, European Regional Development Fund; LO1303, FEDER, European Regional Development Fund; CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0376, FEDER, European Regional Development FundEuropean Regional Development Fund through the Project CEBIA-Tech Instrumentation [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0376]; National Sustainability Program Project [LO1303 (MSMT-7778/2014)

Development of U-model enhansed nonlinear systems

Nonlinear control system design has been widely recognised as a challenging issue where the key objective is to develop a general model prototype with conciseness, flexibility and manipulability, so that the designed control system can best match the required performance or specifications. As a generic systematic approach, U-model concept appeared in Prof. Quanmin Zhu’s Doctoral thesis, and U-model approach was firstly published in the journal paper titled with ‘U-model based pole placement for nonlinear plants’ in 2002.The U-model polynomial prototype precisely describes a wide range of smooth nonlinear polynomial models, defined as a controller output u(t-1) based time-varying polynomial models converted from the original nonlinear model. Within this equivalent U-model expression, the first study of U-model based pole placement controller design for nonlinear plants is a simple mapping exercise from ordinary linear and nonlinear difference equations to time-varying polynomials in terms of the plant input u(t-1). The U-model framework realised the concise and applicable design for nonlinear control system by using such linear polynomial control system design approaches.Since the first publication, the U-model methodology has progressed and evolved over the course of a decade. By using the U-model technique, researchers have proposed many different linear algorithms for the design of control systems for the nonlinear polynomial model including; adaptive control, internal control, sliding mode control, predictive control and neural network control. However, limited research has been concerned with the design and analysis of robust stability and performance of U-model based control systems.This project firstly proposes a suitable method to analyse the robust stability of the developed U-model based pole placement control systems against uncertainty. The parameter variation is bounded, thus the robust stability margin of the closed loop system can be determined by using LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) based robust stability analysis procedure. U-block model is defined as an input output linear closed loop model with pole assignor converted from the U-model based control system. With the bridge of U-model approach, it connects the linear state space design approach with the nonlinear polynomial model. Therefore, LMI based linear robust controller design approaches are able to design enhanced robust control system within the U-block model structure.With such development, the first stage U-model methodology provides concise and flexible solutions for complex problems, where linear controller design methodologies are directly applied to nonlinear polynomial plant-based control system design. The next milestone work expands the U-model technique into state space control systems to establish the new framework, defined as the U-state space model, providing a generic prototype for the simplification of nonlinear state space design approaches.The U-state space model is first described as a controller output u(t-1) based time-varying state equations, which is equivalent to the original linear/nonlinear state space models after conversion. Then, a basic idea of corresponding U-state feedback control system design method is proposed based on the U-model principle. The linear state space feedback control design approach is employed to nonlinear plants described in state space realisation under U-state space structure. The desired state vectors defined as xd(t), are determined by closed loop performance (such as pole placement) or designer specifications (such as LQR). Then the desired state vectors substitute the desired state vectors into original state space equations (regarded as next time state variable xd(t) = x(t) ). Therefore, the controller output u(t-1) can be obtained from one of the roots of a root-solving iterative algorithm.A quad-rotor rotorcraft dynamic model and inverted pendulum system are introduced to verify the U-state space control system design approach for MIMO/SIMO system. The linear design approach is used to determine the closed loop state equation, then the controller output can be obtained from root solver. Numerical examples and case studies are employed in this study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods

From verified parameter identification to the design of interval observers and cooperativity-preserving controllers : an experimental case study

One of the most important advantages of interval observers and the associated trajectory computation is their capability to provide estimates for a given dynamic system model in terms of guaranteed state bounds which are compatible with measured data subject to bounded uncertainty. However, the inevitable requirement for being able to produce such verified bounds is the knowledge about a dynamic system model in which possible uncertainties and inaccuracies are themselves represented by guaranteed bounds. For that reason, classical point-valued parameter identification schemes are often not sufficient or should, at least, be handled with sufficient care if safety critical applications are of interest. This paper provides an application-oriented description of the major steps leading from a control-oriented system model with an associated interval-valued parameter and disturbance identification to a verified design of interval observers which provide the basis for the development and implementation of cooperativity-preserving feedback controllers. Such combined control and observer structures allow for forecasting guaranteed lower and upper state bounds that can be determined by solving initial value problems for crisp-parameter models. As such, they replace the significantly more demanding task of computing tubes of reachable states by means of general-purpose interval methods. The corresponding computational steps for the cooperativity-preserving control and observer synthesis are described and visualized for the temperature control of a laboratory-scale test rig available at the Chair of Mechatronics at the University of Rostock