243,496 research outputs found
RATIO-SCALE ELICITATION OF DEGREES OF BELIEF
Most research on rule-based inference under uncertainty has
focused on the normative validity and efficiency of various
belief-update algorithms. In this paper we shift the attention
to the inputs of these algorithms, namely, to the degrees of
beliefs elicited from domain experts. Classical methods for
eliciting continuous probability functions are of little use in a
rule-based model, where propositions of interest are taken to be
causally related and, typically, discrete, random variables. We
take the position that the numerical encoding of degrees of
belief in such propositions is somewhat analogous to the
measurement of physical stimuli like brightness, weight, and
distance. With that in mind, we base our elicitation techniques
on statements regarding the relative likelihoods of various clues
and hypotheses. We propose a formal procedure designed to (a)
elicit such inputs in a credible manner, and, (b) transform them
into the conditional probabilities and likelihood-ratios required
by Bayesian inference systems.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
Compressive Imaging using Approximate Message Passing and a Markov-Tree Prior
We propose a novel algorithm for compressive imaging that exploits both the
sparsity and persistence across scales found in the 2D wavelet transform
coefficients of natural images. Like other recent works, we model wavelet
structure using a hidden Markov tree (HMT) but, unlike other works, ours is
based on loopy belief propagation (LBP). For LBP, we adopt a recently proposed
"turbo" message passing schedule that alternates between exploitation of HMT
structure and exploitation of compressive-measurement structure. For the
latter, we leverage Donoho, Maleki, and Montanari's recently proposed
approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. Experiments with a large image
database suggest that, relative to existing schemes, our turbo LBP approach
yields state-of-the-art reconstruction performance with substantial reduction
in complexity
Bringing Mythical Forests to Life in Early Childhood Education
In this article, I have sought to develop an understanding of the contribution of imaginative and nature appreciation in early childhood environmental education dealing with old, cultural nature myths and beliefs. The argument rests on the belief that the basis of a child-environmental education is in imagination which resonates with play, aesthetics and storytelling as old, historical nature myths have a story-like power to transform human perception of the world and our relationship to it. The thinking of the old nature myths and development of early childhood environmental education is in this article relying on new materialism and posthumanist thinking of intra-action (Barad 2003; 2007). This article specifically considers the usage of material Whisper of the Spirit, which places educators in the position of examining their environmental education practices as relative, evolving and emergent situations in which the old nature myths and the existing material components could have their role and significance.Peer reviewe
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