163 research outputs found
The Public Performance Of Sanctions In Insolvency Cases: The Dark, Humiliating, And Ridiculous Side Of The Law Of Debt In The Italian Experience. A Historical Overview Of Shaming Practices
This study provides a diachronic comparative overview of how the law of debt has been applied by certain institutions in Italy. Specifically, it offers historical and comparative insights into the public performance of sanctions for insolvency through shaming and customary practices in Roman Imperial Law, in the Middle Ages, and in later periods.
The first part of the essay focuses on the Roman bonorum cessio culo nudo super lapidem and on the medieval customary institution called pietra della vergogna (stone of shame), which originates from the Roman model.
The second part of the essay analyzes the social function of the zecca and the pittima Veneziana during the Republic of Venice, and of the practice of lu soldate a castighe (no translation is possible).
The author uses a functionalist approach to apply some arguments and concepts from the current context to this historical analysis of ancient institutions that we would now consider ridiculous.
The article shows that the customary norms that play a crucial regulatory role in online interactions today can also be applied to the public square in the past. One of these tools is shaming. As is the case in contemporary online settings, in the public square in historic periods, shaming practices were used to enforce the rules of civility in a given community. Such practices can be seen as virtuous when they are intended for use as a tool to pursue positive change in forces entrenched in the culture, and thus to address social wrongs considered outside the reach of the law, or to address human rights abuses
Machine Learning Algorithm for the Scansion of Old Saxon Poetry
Several scholars designed tools to perform the automatic scansion of poetry in many languages, but none of these tools
deal with Old Saxon or Old English. This project aims to be a first attempt to create a tool for these languages. We
implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to perform the automatic scansion of Old Saxon
and Old English poems. Since this model uses supervised learning, we manually annotated the Heliand manuscript, and
we used the resulting corpus as labeled dataset to train the model. The evaluation of the performance of the algorithm
reached a 97% for the accuracy and a 99% of weighted average for precision, recall and F1 Score. In addition, we tested
the model with some verses from the Old Saxon Genesis and some from The Battle of Brunanburh, and we observed that
the model predicted almost all Old Saxon metrical patterns correctly misclassified the majority of the Old English input
verses
Essays on organisations and their internal conflicts
Defence date: 11 December 2023Examining Board: Prof. Giacomo Calzolari (European University Institute, supervisor); Prof. Thomas Crossley (University of Michigan, co-supervisor); Prof. Roland Strausz (Humboldt-UniversitĂ€t of Berlin); Prof. Konrad Stahl (University of Mannheim)This thesis is composed of three essays; each broadly related to conflicts of interests within organisations. First, âInternal Arbitrage: An Application to Multinational Enterprisesâ, studies the conflict of interest between a multinational enterprise (MNE) and its joint venture partners who are privately informed about local market conditions. MNEs can exploit the segmentation between national markets through internal arbitrage by using internal capital movements to lower profits in one country to raise them in another. This is generally not in the best interest of the outside investors who, given sufficient authority, prevent internal arbitrage. The MNEâs problem thus consists of truthfully eliciting the private information of its co-investors without delegating authority. Second, âThe Dark(er) Side of Full Surplus Extractionâ considers a principal contracting with one agent who possesses some relevant, private information in the canonical adverse selection model with general quasi-linear preferences and type-dependent reservation utilities. I derive the necessary and sufficient condition for full surplus extraction (FSE). FSE occurs when the principal can design an incentive-compatible mechanism in which the privately informed agent earns no information rents. Differently from previous FSE results known in the literature, I show that FSE can be efficiency decreasing. At times, the FSE mechanism is optimal for the principal even though the best nonFSE mechanism implies a higher total surplus. Finally, âPrivate Benefits of Influenceâ, considers a conflict of interest between different shareholders in a widely-held firm led by a professional manager. Empirical evidence suggests that large shareholders â so called blockholders â earn excess returns per share, i.e. private benefits. But without control, the blockholder must incentivise the manager to extract private benefits on her behalf. She does this by either imposing low powered incentives or by paying the manager a compensation premium. The blockholder can potentially rely on dynamic incentive provision to achieve her goals. This embeds the problem in the dynamic relationship between the blockholder and the manager. I show that this shaped by the blockholderâs investment strategy: a blockholder with a passive investment strategy â e.g. an index tracker â finds it easier to extract private benefits than a blockholder who can invest and divest at will. Dynamically, a passive investment strategy functions as a valuable commitment device to stay invested in the firm.-- 1. Internal Arbitrage: An Application to Multinational Enterprises
-- 2. The Dark(er) Side of Full Surplus Extraction
-- 3. Private Benefits of Influence
-- Appendix A Chapter 1
-- Appendix B Chapter 2
-- Appendix C Chapter
Haste: The slow politics of climate urgency
What does it mean politically to construct climate change as a matter of urgency? We are certainly running out of time to stop climate change. But perhaps this particular understanding of urgency could be at the heart of the problem. When in haste, we make more mistakes, we overlook things, we get tunnel vision. Here we make the case for a âslow politics of urgencyâ. Rather than rushing and speeding up, the sustainable future is arguably better served by us challenging the dominant framings through which we understand time and change in society. Transformation to meet the climate challenge requires multiple temporalities of change, speeding up certain types of change processes but also slowing things down.
While recognizing the need for certain types of urgency in climate politics, Haste directs attention to the different and alternative temporalities at play in climate and sustainability politics. It addresses several key issues on climate urgency: How do we accommodate concerns that are undermined by the politics of urgency, such as participation and justice? How do we act upon the urgency of the climate challenge without reproducing the problems that speeding up of social processes has brought? What do the slow politics of urgency look like in practice? Divided into 23 short and accessible chapters, written by both established and emerging scholars from different disciplines, Haste tackles a major problem in contemporary climate change research and offers creative perspectives on pathways out of the climate emergency
The Cave and The Stars: On the People and Democracy of Non-Philosophy
This monograph dissertation explores the work of François Laruelle and the democratic nature of his non-philosophy. In four separate chapters, this dissertation argues for identifying non-philosophy as the introduction of democracy into thought and seeks to instantiate a necessary theoretical delimitation for its programme, which explores the relationships between people, thought, and power. Chapter One analyzes previous philosophical frameworks from thinkers such as Edmund Husserl, Max Horkheimer, and Louis Althusser on their respective stances toward philosophyâs role for people. Chapter Two investigates the work of François Laruelle for the past fifty years as the development of non-philosophy or âhuman philosophy.â Chapter Three situates Laruelleâs 1980 essay, âHomo ex machina,â alongside philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Michel Henry, Michel Foucault, and Gilles Deleuze to lay out the stakes for emancipation from the destining of humanity under the existing dominant relations between technology, power, and biopolitics. Lastly, Chapter Four envisions the transfiguration of non-philosophy from human philosophy into a tool for human emancipation by inventing new non-political means, such as non-politics, the en-demic paradigm, futural democracy, and the generic will. If non-philosophy is the introduction of peace and democracy into thought, investigating the people and their rule or power is a necessary step toward inventing the future
Nullius
Nullius is an anthropological account of the troubled status of ownership in India and its consequences for our understanding of sovereignty and social relations. Though property rights and ownership are said to be a cornerstone of modern law, in the Indian case they are often a spectral presence. Kapila offers a detailed study of paradigms where proprietary relations have been erased, denied, misappropriated. The book examines three forms of negation, where the Indian state de facto adopted doctrines of terra nullius (in the erasure of indigenous title), res nullius (in acquiring museum objects), and, controversially, corpus nullius (in denying citizens ownership of their bodies under biometrics). The result is a pathbreaking reconnection of questions of property, exchange, dispossession, law, and sovereignty
TRIZ Future Conference 2004
TRIZ the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving is a living science and a practical methodology: millions of patents have been examined to look for principles of innovation and patterns of excellence. Large and small companies are using TRIZ to solve problems and to develop strategies for future technologies. The TRIZ Future Conference is the annual meeting of the European TRIZ Association, with contributions from everywhere in the world. The aims of the 2004 edition are the integration of TRIZ with other methodologies and the dissemination of systematic innovation practices even through SMEs: a broad spectrum of subjects in several fields debated with experts, practitioners and TRIZ newcomers
Haste
What does it mean politically to construct climate change as a matter of urgency? We are certainly running out of time to stop climate change. But perhaps this particular understanding of urgency could be at the heart of the problem. When in haste, we make more mistakes, we overlook things, we get tunnel vision. Here we make the case for a âslow politics of urgencyâ. Rather than rushing and speeding up, the sustainable future is arguably better served by us challenging the dominant framings through which we understand time and change in society. Transformation to meet the climate challenge requires multiple temporalities of change, speeding up certain types of change processes but also slowing things down.
While recognizing the need for certain types of urgency in climate politics, Haste directs attention to the different and alternative temporalities at play in climate and sustainability politics. It addresses several key issues on climate urgency: How do we accommodate concerns that are undermined by the politics of urgency, such as participation and justice? How do we act upon the urgency of the climate challenge without reproducing the problems that speeding up of social processes has brought? What do the slow politics of urgency look like in practice? Divided into 23 short and accessible chapters, written by both established and emerging scholars from different disciplines, Haste tackles a major problem in contemporary climate change research and offers creative perspectives on pathways out of the climate emergency
Seeing the City Digitally
This book explores what's happening to ways of seeing urban spaces in the contemporary moment, when so many of the technologies through which cities are visualised are digital. Cities have always been pictured, in many media and for many different purposes. This edited collection explores how that picturing is changing in an era of digital visual culture. Analogue visual technologies like film cameras were understood as creating some sort of a trace of the real city. Digital visual technologies, in contrast, harvest and process digital data to create images that are constantly refreshed, modified and circulated. Each of the chapters in this volume examines a different example of this processual visuality is reconfiguring the spatial and temporal organisation of urban life
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