On the complexity of computing Gr\"obner bases for weighted homogeneous systems

Solving polynomial systems arising from applications is frequently made easier by the structure of the systems. Weighted homogeneity (or quasi-homogeneity) is one example of such a structure: given a system of weights $W=(w\_{1},\dots,w\_{n})$, $W$-homogeneous polynomials are polynomials which are homogeneous w.r.t the weighted degree $\deg\_{W}(X\_{1}^{\alpha\_{1}},\dots,X\_{n}^{\alpha\_{n}}) = \sum w\_{i}\alpha\_{i}$. Gr\"obner bases for weighted homogeneous systems can be computed by adapting existing algorithms for homogeneous systems to the weighted homogeneous case. We show that in this case, the complexity estimate for Algorithm~\F5 \left(\binom{n+\dmax-1}{\dmax}^{\omega}\right) can be divided by a factor $\left(\prod w\_{i} \right)^{\omega}$. For zero-dimensional systems, the complexity of Algorithm~\FGLM $nD^{\omega}$ (where $D$ is the number of solutions of the system) can be divided by the same factor $\left(\prod w\_{i} \right)^{\omega}$. Under genericity assumptions, for zero-dimensional weighted homogeneous systems of $W$-degree $(d\_{1},\dots,d\_{n})$, these complexity estimates are polynomial in the weighted B\'ezout bound $\prod\_{i=1}^{n}d\_{i} / \prod\_{i=1}^{n}w\_{i}$. Furthermore, the maximum degree reached in a run of Algorithm \F5 is bounded by the weighted Macaulay bound $\sum (d\_{i}-w\_{i}) + w\_{n}$, and this bound is sharp if we can order the weights so that $w\_{n}=1$. For overdetermined semi-regular systems, estimates from the homogeneous case can be adapted to the weighted case. We provide some experimental results based on systems arising from a cryptography problem and from polynomial inversion problems. They show that taking advantage of the weighted homogeneous structure yields substantial speed-ups, and allows us to solve systems which were otherwise out of reach

Predicting zero reductions in Gr\"obner basis computations

Since Buchberger's initial algorithm for computing Gr\"obner bases in 1965 many attempts have been taken to detect zero reductions in advance. Buchberger's Product and Chain criteria may be known the most, especially in the installaton of Gebauer and M\"oller. A relatively new approach are signature-based criteria which were first used in Faug\`ere's F5 algorithm in 2002. For regular input sequences these criteria are known to compute no zero reduction at all. In this paper we give a detailed discussion on zero reductions and the corresponding syzygies. We explain how the different methods to predict them compare to each other and show advantages and drawbacks in theory and practice. With this a new insight into algebraic structures underlying Gr\"obner bases and their computations might be achieved.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure

On the Complexity of Solving Zero-Dimensional Polynomial Systems via Projection

Given a zero-dimensional polynomial system consisting of n integer polynomials in n variables, we propose a certified and complete method to compute all complex solutions of the system as well as a corresponding separating linear form l with coefficients of small bit size. For computing l, we need to project the solutions into one dimension along O(n) distinct directions but no further algebraic manipulations. The solutions are then directly reconstructed from the considered projections. The first step is deterministic, whereas the second step uses randomization, thus being Las-Vegas. The theoretical analysis of our approach shows that the overall cost for the two problems considered above is dominated by the cost of carrying out the projections. We also give bounds on the bit complexity of our algorithms that are exclusively stated in terms of the number of variables, the total degree and the bitsize of the input polynomials

A survey on signature-based Gr\"obner basis computations

This paper is a survey on the area of signature-based Gr\"obner basis algorithms that was initiated by Faug\`ere's F5 algorithm in 2002. We explain the general ideas behind the usage of signatures. We show how to classify the various known variants by 3 different orderings. For this we give translations between different notations and show that besides notations many approaches are just the same. Moreover, we give a general description of how the idea of signatures is quite natural when performing the reduction process using linear algebra. This survey shall help to outline this field of active research.Comment: 53 pages, 8 figures, 11 table