Finite pseudo orbit expansions for spectral quantities of quantum graphs

We investigate spectral quantities of quantum graphs by expanding them as sums over pseudo orbits, sets of periodic orbits. Only a finite collection of pseudo orbits which are irreducible and where the total number of bonds is less than or equal to the number of bonds of the graph appear, analogous to a cut off at half the Heisenberg time. The calculation simplifies previous approaches to pseudo orbit expansions on graphs. We formulate coefficients of the characteristic polynomial and derive a secular equation in terms of the irreducible pseudo orbits. From the secular equation, whose roots provide the graph spectrum, the zeta function is derived using the argument principle. The spectral zeta function enables quantities, such as the spectral determinant and vacuum energy, to be obtained directly as finite expansions over the set of short irreducible pseudo orbits.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected, references added, vacuum energy calculation expande

Ramsey expansions of metrically homogeneous graphs

We discuss the Ramsey property, the existence of a stationary independence relation and the coherent extension property for partial isometries (coherent EPPA) for all classes of metrically homogeneous graphs from Cherlin's catalogue, which is conjectured to include all such structures. We show that, with the exception of tree-like graphs, all metric spaces in the catalogue have precompact Ramsey expansions (or lifts) with the expansion property. With two exceptions we can also characterise the existence of a stationary independence relation and the coherent EPPA. Our results can be seen as a new contribution to Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il's classification programme of Ramsey classes and as empirical evidence of the recent convergence in techniques employed to establish the Ramsey property, the expansion (or lift or ordering) property, EPPA and the existence of a stationary independence relation. At the heart of our proof is a canonical way of completing edge-labelled graphs to metric spaces in Cherlin's classes. The existence of such a "completion algorithm" then allows us to apply several strong results in the areas that imply EPPA and respectively the Ramsey property. The main results have numerous corollaries on the automorphism groups of the Fra\"iss\'e limits of the classes, such as amenability, unique ergodicity, existence of universal minimal flows, ample generics, small index property, 21-Bergman property and Serre's property (FA).Comment: 57 pages, 14 figures. Extends results of arXiv:1706.00295. Minor revisio

Graph towers, laminations and their invariant measures

In this paper we present a combinatorial machinery, consisting of a graph tower $\overleftarrow \Gamma$ and vector towers $\overleftarrow v$ on $\overleftarrow \Gamma$, which allows us to efficiently describe all invariant measures $\mu = \mu^{\overleftarrow v}$ on any given shift space over a finite alphabet. The new technology admits a number of direct applications, in particular concerning invariant measures on non-primitive substitution subshifts, minimal subshifts with many ergodic measures, or an efficient calculation of the measure of a given cylinder. It also applies to currents on a free group $F_N$, and in particular the set of projectively fixed currents under the action of a (possibly reducible) endomorphism $\varphi: F_N \to F_N$ is determined, when $\varphi$ is represented by a train track map.Comment: 52 pages, 3 figures. This is rather a new paper than a new version of the old one. The setting is much more general, and also closer to a symbolic dynamics spirit. Also, some of the work from the original paper has been removed and will be taken up in a forthcoming paper. Accepted in Journal of London Mathematical society. To appear 201