Extremal numbers for cycles in a hypercube

Let $ex(Q_n, H)$ be the largest number of edges in a subgraph $G$ of a hypercube $Q_n$ such that there is no subgraph of $G$ isomorphic to $H$. We show that for any integer $k\geq 3$, $$ex(Q_n, C_{4k+2})= O(n^{\frac{5}{6} + \frac{1}{3(2k-2)}} 2^n).$$Comment: New reference [18] for a better bound by I.Tomon is adde

A class of graphs of zero Tur\'an density in a hypercube

A graph is cubical if it is a subgraph of a hypercube. For a cubical graph $H$ and a hypercube $Q_n$, $ex(Q_n, H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free subgraph of $Q_n$. If $ex(Q_n, H)$ is at least a positive proportion of the number of edges in $Q_n$, $H$ is said to have a positive Tur\'an density in a hypercube or simply a positive Tur\'an density; otherwise it has a zero Tur\'an density. Determining $ex(Q_n, H)$ and even identifying whether $H$ has a positive or a zero Tur\'an density remains a widely open question for general $H$. By relating extremal numbers in a hypercube and certain corresponding hypergraphs, Conlon found a large class of cubical graphs, ones having so-called partite representation, that have a zero Tur\'an density. He raised a question whether this gives a characterisation, i.e., whether a cubical graph has zero Tur\'an density if and only if it has partite representation. Here, we show that, as suspected by Conlon, this is not the case. We give an example of a class of cubical graphs which have no partite representation, but on the other hand, have a zero Tur\'an density. In addition, we show that any graph whose every block has partite representation has a zero Tur\'an density in a hypercube

An extremal theorem in the hypercube

The hypercube Q_n is the graph whose vertex set is {0,1}^n and where two vertices are adjacent if they differ in exactly one coordinate. For any subgraph H of the cube, let ex(Q_n, H) be the maximum number of edges in a subgraph of Q_n which does not contain a copy of H. We find a wide class of subgraphs H, including all previously known examples, for which ex(Q_n, H) = o(e(Q_n)). In particular, our method gives a unified approach to proving that ex(Q_n, C_{2t}) = o(e(Q_n)) for all t >= 4 other than 5.Comment: 6 page

Upper bounds on the size of 4- and 6-cycle-free subgraphs of the hypercube

In this paper we modify slightly Razborov's flag algebra machinery to be suitable for the hypercube. We use this modified method to show that the maximum number of edges of a 4-cycle-free subgraph of the n-dimensional hypercube is at most 0.6068 times the number of its edges. We also improve the upper bound on the number of edges for 6-cycle-free subgraphs of the n-dimensional hypercube from the square root of 2 - 1 to 0.3755 times the number of its edges. Additionally, we show that if the n-dimensional hypercube is considered as a poset, then the maximum vertex density of three middle layers in an induced subgraph without 4-cycles is at most 2.15121 times n choose n/2.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

On graphs embeddable in a layer of a hypercube and their extremal numbers

A graph is cubical if it is a subgraph of a hypercube. For a cubical graph $H$ and a hypercube $Q_n$, $ex(Q_n, H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free subgraph of $Q_n$. If $ex(Q_n, H)$ is equal to a positive proportion of the number of edges in $Q_n$, $H$ is said to have positive Tur\'an density in a hypercube; otherwise it has zero Tur\'an density. Determining $ex(Q_n, H)$ and even identifying whether $H$ has positive or zero Tur\'an density remains a widely open question for general $H$. In this paper we focus on layered graphs, i.e., graphs that are contained in an edge-layer of some hypercube. Graphs $H$ that are not layered have positive Tur\'an density because one can form an $H$-free subgraph of $Q_n$ consisting of edges of every other layer. For example, a $4$-cycle is not layered and has positive Tur\'an density. However, in general it is not obvious what properties layered graphs have. We give a characterisation of layered graphs in terms of edge-colorings and show that any $n$-vertex layered graphs has at most $\frac{1}{2}n \log n (1+o(1))$ edges. We show that most non-trivial subdivisions have zero Tur\'an density, extending known results on zero Tur\'an density of even cycles of length at least $12$ and of length $8$. However, we prove that there are cubical graphs of girth $8$ that are not layered and thus having positive Tur\'an density. The cycle of length $10$ remains the only cycle for which it is not known whether its Tur\'an density is positive or not. We prove that $ex(Q_n, C_{10})= \Omega(n2^n/ \log^a n)$, for a constant $a$, showing that the extremal number for a $10$-cycle behaves differently from any other cycle of zero Tur\'an density

Saturation in the Hypercube and Bootstrap Percolation

Let $Q_d$ denote the hypercube of dimension $d$. Given $d\geq m$, a spanning subgraph $G$ of $Q_d$ is said to be $(Q_d,Q_m)$-saturated if it does not contain $Q_m$ as a subgraph but adding any edge of $E(Q_d)\setminus E(G)$ creates a copy of $Q_m$ in $G$. Answering a question of Johnson and Pinto, we show that for every fixed $m\geq2$ the minimum number of edges in a $(Q_d,Q_m)$-saturated graph is $\Theta(2^d)$. We also study weak saturation, which is a form of bootstrap percolation. A spanning subgraph of $Q_d$ is said to be weakly $(Q_d,Q_m)$-saturated if the edges of $E(Q_d)\setminus E(G)$ can be added to $G$ one at a time so that each added edge creates a new copy of $Q_m$. Answering another question of Johnson and Pinto, we determine the minimum number of edges in a weakly $(Q_d,Q_m)$-saturated graph for all $d\geq m\geq1$. More generally, we determine the minimum number of edges in a subgraph of the $d$-dimensional grid $P_k^d$ which is weakly saturated with respect to `axis aligned' copies of a smaller grid $P_r^m$. We also study weak saturation of cycles in the grid.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Combinatorics, Probability and Computin

Vertex Turán problems for the oriented hypercube

In this short note we consider the oriented vertex Turán problem in the hypercube: for a fixed oriented graph F→, determine the maximum size exv(F→,Qn−→) of a subset U of the vertices of the oriented hypercube Qn−→ such that the induced subgraph Qn−→[U] does not contain any copy of F→. We obtain the exact value of exv(Pk−→,Qn−→) for the directed path Pk−→, the exact value of exv(V2−→,Qn−→) for the directed cherry V2−→ and the asymptotic value of exv(T→,Qn−→) for any directed tree T→