A note on approximate limits

The main theorems of this paper are the following theorems. THEOREM 2.7. Let X={Xn, Pmn, IN} be an approximate sequence of non - empty Čech-complete paracompact spaces Xn such that each Pnm(Xm) is dense in Xn, then limX is non-empty and Čech-complete. Moreover, Pn(limX) is dense in Xn for each n∈IN . THEOREM 2.11. Let X={Xn, Pmn, IN} be an approximate inverse sequence of absolute Gδ - space. Then there exist: a) a cofinal subset M = {ni : i∈IN} of IN, b) a usual inverse sequence Y = {Yi , qij , M} such that Yi = Xni and qij = Pii+1 Pi+1j+2 ... pj-1j for each i,j∈IN, c) a homeomorphism H : limX→limY

On real analytic Banach manifolds

Let $X$ be a real Banach space with an unconditional basis (e.g., $X=\ell_2$ Hilbert space), $\Omega\subset X$ open, $M\subset\Omega$ a closed split real analytic Banach submanifold of $\Omega$, $E\to M$ a real analytic Banach vector bundle, and {\Cal A}^E\to M the sheaf of germs of real analytic sections of $E\to M$. We show that the sheaf cohomology groups H^q(M,{\Cal A}^E) vanish for all $q\ge1$, and there is a real analytic retraction $r:U\to M$ from an open set $U$ with $M\subset U\subset\Omega$ such that $r(x)=x$ for all $x\in M$. Some applications are also given, e.g., we show that any infinite dimensional real analytic Hilbert submanifold of separable affine or projective Hilbert space is real analytically parallelizable

Embedding variables in finite dimensional models

Global problems associated with the transformation from the Arnowitt, Deser and Misner (ADM) to the Kucha\v{r} variables are studied. Two models are considered: The Friedmann cosmology with scalar matter and the torus sector of the 2+1 gravity. For the Friedmann model, the transformations to the Kucha\v{r} description corresponding to three different popular time coordinates are shown to exist on the whole ADM phase space, which becomes a proper subset of the Kucha\v{r} phase spaces. The 2+1 gravity model is shown to admit a description by embedding variables everywhere, even at the points with additional symmetry. The transformation from the Kucha\v{r} to the ADM description is, however, many-to-one there, and so the two descriptions are inequivalent for this model, too. The most interesting result is that the new constraint surface is free from the conical singularity and the new dynamical equations are linearization stable. However, some residual pathology persists in the Kucha\v{r} description.Comment: Latex 2e, 29 pages, no figure

On orientations for gauge-theoretic moduli spaces

Let $X$ be a compact manifold, $D$ a real elliptic operator on $X$, $G$ a Lie group, $P\to X$ a principal $G$-bundle, and ${\mathcal B}_P$ the infinite-dimensional moduli space of all connections $\nabla_P$ on $P$ modulo gauge, as a topological stack. For each $[\nabla_P]\in{\mathcal B}_P$, we can consider the twisted elliptic operator $D^{\nabla_{Ad(P)}}$ on X. This is a continuous family of elliptic operators over the base ${\mathcal B}_P$, and so has an orientation bundle $O^D_P\to{\mathcal B}_P$, a principal ${\mathbb Z}_2$-bundle parametrizing orientations of Ker$D^{\nabla_{Ad(P)}}\oplus$Coker$D^{\nabla_{Ad(P)}}$ at each $[\nabla_P]$. An orientation on $({\mathcal B}_P,D)$ is a trivialization $O^D_P\cong{\mathcal B}_P\times{\mathbb Z}_2$. In gauge theory one studies moduli spaces $\mathcal M$ of connections $\nabla_P$ on $P$ satisfying some curvature condition, such as anti-self-dual instantons on Riemannian 4-manifolds $(X, g)$. Under good conditions $\mathcal M$ is a smooth manifold, and orientations on $({\mathcal B}_P,D)$ pull back to orientations on $\mathcal M$ in the usual sense under the inclusion ${\mathcal M}\hookrightarrow{\mathcal B}_P$. This is important in areas such as Donaldson theory, where one needs an orientation on $\mathcal M$ to define enumerative invariants. We explain a package of techniques, some known and some new, for proving orientability and constructing canonical orientations on $({\mathcal B}_P,D)$, after fixing some algebro-topological information on $X$. We use these to construct canonical orientations on gauge theory moduli spaces, including new results for moduli spaces of flat connections on 2- and 3-manifolds, instantons, Kapustin-Witten and Vafa-Witten equations on 4-manifolds, and the Haydys-Witten equations on 5-manifolds. Two sequels arXiv:1811.02405, arXiv:1811.09658 discuss orientations in 7 and 8 dimensions.Comment: 60 pages. (v2) sections 2.3-2.5 rewritte