1,435 research outputs found
HIV dynamics and natural history studies: Joint modeling with doubly interval-censored event time and infrequent longitudinal data
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has become one of the most challenging
clinical situations to manage in HIV-infected patients. Recently the effect of
HCV coinfection on HIV dynamics following initiation of highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has drawn considerable attention. Post-HAART HIV
dynamics are commonly studied in short-term clinical trials with frequent data
collection design. For example, the elimination process of plasma virus during
treatment is closely monitored with daily assessments in viral dynamics studies
of AIDS clinical trials. In this article instead we use infrequent cohort data
from long-term natural history studies and develop a model for characterizing
post-HAART HIV dynamics and their associations with HCV coinfection.
Specifically, we propose a joint model for doubly interval-censored data for
the time between HAART initiation and viral suppression, and the longitudinal
CD4 count measurements relative to the viral suppression. Inference is
accomplished using a fully Bayesian approach. Doubly interval-censored data are
modeled semiparametrically by Dirichlet process priors and Bayesian penalized
splines are used for modeling population-level and individual-level mean CD4
count profiles. We use the proposed methods and data from the HIV Epidemiology
Research Study (HERS) to investigate the effect of HCV coinfection on the
response to HAART.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS391 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
DTDA: An R Package to Analyze Randomly Truncated Data
In this paper, the R package DTDA for analyzing truncated data is described. This package contains tools for performing three different but related algorithms to compute the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of the survival function in the presence of random truncation. More precisely, the package implements the algorithms proposed by Efron and Petrosian (1999) and Shen (2008), for analyzing randomly one-sided and two-sided (i.e., doubly) truncated data. These algorithms and some recent extensions are briefly reviewed. Two real data sets are used to show how DTDA package works in practice.
Product-limit estimators of the gap time distribution of a renewal process under different sampling patterns
Nonparametric estimation of the gap time distribution in a simple renewal
process may be considered a problem in survival analysis under particular
sampling frames corresponding to how the renewal process is observed. This note
describes several such situations where simple product limit estimators, though
inefficient, may still be useful
Bayesian nonparametric models for peak identification in MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy
We present a novel nonparametric Bayesian approach based on L\'{e}vy Adaptive
Regression Kernels (LARK) to model spectral data arising from MALDI-TOF (Matrix
Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight) mass spectrometry. This
model-based approach provides identification and quantification of proteins
through model parameters that are directly interpretable as the number of
proteins, mass and abundance of proteins and peak resolution, while having the
ability to adapt to unknown smoothness as in wavelet based methods. Informative
prior distributions on resolution are key to distinguishing true peaks from
background noise and resolving broad peaks into individual peaks for multiple
protein species. Posterior distributions are obtained using a reversible jump
Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm and provide inference about the number of
peaks (proteins), their masses and abundance. We show through simulation
studies that the procedure has desirable true-positive and false-discovery
rates. Finally, we illustrate the method on five example spectra: a blank
spectrum, a spectrum with only the matrix of a low-molecular-weight substance
used to embed target proteins, a spectrum with known proteins, and a single
spectrum and average of ten spectra from an individual lung cancer patient.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS450 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Bayesian semiparametric inference for multivariate doubly-interval-censored data
Based on a data set obtained in a dental longitudinal study, conducted in
Flanders (Belgium), the joint time to caries distribution of permanent first
molars was modeled as a function of covariates. This involves an analysis of
multivariate continuous doubly-interval-censored data since: (i) the emergence
time of a tooth and the time it experiences caries were recorded yearly, and
(ii) events on teeth of the same child are dependent. To model the joint
distribution of the emergence times and the times to caries, we propose a
dependent Bayesian semiparametric model. A major feature of the proposed
approach is that survival curves can be estimated without imposing assumptions
such as proportional hazards, additive hazards, proportional odds or
accelerated failure time.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS368 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
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