Common Medieval Pigments

This paper discusses the pigments used in medieval manuscripts. Specific types of pigments that are examined are earths, minerals, manufactured, and organics. It also focuses on both destructive and non-destructive methods for identifying medieval pigments

Autonomous Robotic System using Non-Destructive Evaluation methods for Bridge Deck Inspection

Bridge condition assessment is important to maintain the quality of highway roads for public transport. Bridge deterioration with time is inevitable due to aging material, environmental wear and in some cases, inadequate maintenance. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are preferred for condition assessment for bridges, concrete buildings, and other civil structures. Some examples of NDE methods are ground penetrating radar (GPR), acoustic emission, and electrical resistivity (ER). NDE methods provide the ability to inspect a structure without causing any damage to the structure in the process. In addition, NDE methods typically cost less than other methods, since they do not require inspection sites to be evacuated prior to inspection, which greatly reduces the cost of safety related issues during the inspection process. In this paper, an autonomous robotic system equipped with three different NDE sensors is presented. The system employs GPR, ER, and a camera for data collection. The system is capable of performing real-time, cost-effective bridge deck inspection, and is comprised of a mechanical robot design and machine learning and pattern recognition methods for automated steel rebar picking to provide realtime condition maps of the corrosive deck environments

Non-destructive methods of control of welded joints

Práce vypracovaná v rámci bakalářského studia oboru strojírenství předkládá rešerši současných metod nedestruktivní kontroly svaru. Na základě literární studie problematiky nedestruktivních metod kontroly svarových spojů byly uvedeny současné metody kontroly. Nejdříve je uvedena problematika vad svarových spojů. Poté je uvedeno shrnutí základních principů a využití metod nedestruktivní kontroly svarových spojů.The thesis elaborated in frame of bachelor studies branch mechanical engineering. The thesis is submitting research of present methods of non-destructive control of welded joints. Pursuant to of the literary pursuit the present methods of control of welded joints were written. First it mentioned problematics of defect of welded joints. After it is mentioned a summary of principles and application of methods of non-destructive control of welded joints.

A FDTD model for the post-reception synthetic focusing surface penetrating radar with mine detecting applications

Surface penetrating radar (SPR) is extensively used in military, civil, geophysical and archaeological applications. There has been an increasing emphasis on the use of SPR in the identification of buried unexploded ordnance, such as anti-tank mines, antipersonnel mines etc., which can be metallic or plastic in nature. Mine detection methods can be classified as destructive or non-destructive. Non-destructive mine detection methods employ metal detectors, magnetometers, infrared sensors and SPR. However, neither the metal detector nor the magnetometer can differentiate a mine from metallic debris and the infrared sensor merely notes a difference in thermal conductivity. In most battle fields the soil is contaminated by large quantity of shrapnel, metal scraps and cartridge cases which will give a high false alarm rate in the identification process. In this scenario the SPR is a promising technique for identification of both metallic and plastic mines. The use of finite difference time domain (FDTD) model to analyse the SPR, which makes use of post-reception synthetic focusing (PRSF) techniques, is presented

Leaf nitrogen determination using non-destructive techniques–A review

© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The optimisation of plant nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE) has a direct impact on increasing crop production by optimising use of nitrogen fertiliser. Moreover, it protects environment from negative effects of nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide production. Accordingly, nitrogen (N) management in agriculture systems has been major focus of many researchers. Improvement of NUE can be achieved through several methods including more accurate measurement of foliar N contents of crops during different growth phases. There are two types of methods to diagnose foliar N status: destructive and non-destructive. Destructive methods are expensive and time-consuming, as they require tissue sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. Thus, many farmers find destructive methods to be less attractive. Non-destructive methods are rapid and less expensive but are usually less accurate. Accordingly, improving the accuracy of non-destructive N estimations has become a common goal of many researchers, and various methods varying in complexity and optimality have been proposed for this purpose. This paper reviews various commonly used non-destructive methods for estimating foliar N status of plants

Elastic and plastic strain measurement in high temperature environment using laser speckle

Two laser speckle methods are described to measure strain in high temperature environment and thermal strain caused by high temperature. Both are non-contact, non-destructive and remote sensing techniques that can be automated. The methods have different but overlapping ranges of application with one being more suitable for large plastic deformation

Non destructive investigation of defects in composite structures by fullfield measurement methods

This paper presents different interests of non destructive full-field measurement. More precisely, it focuses on the characterization and the comparison of the X-ray tomography and two methods of infrared thermography in order to define the defect detection limits and to precise the specific application fields for each technique on multi-layered and sandwich composite structures. The obtained results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed

Detection Techniques for Trapped Ions

Various techniques are used to detect the presence of charged particles stored in electromagnetic traps, their energy, their mass, or their internal states. Detection methods can rely on the variation of the number of trapped particles (destructive methods) or the use of the ion's interaction with electromagnetic radiation as a non-destructive tool to probe the trapped particles. This review gives an introduction into various methods, discussing the basic mode of operation completed by the description of recent realizations