209,147 research outputs found
Price of Anarchy for Non-atomic Congestion Games with Stochastic Demands
We generalize the notions of user equilibrium and system optimum to
non-atomic congestion games with stochastic demands. We establish upper bounds
on the price of anarchy for three different settings of link cost functions and
demand distributions, namely, (a) affine cost functions and general
distributions, (b) polynomial cost functions and general positive-valued
distributions, and (c) polynomial cost functions and the normal distributions.
All the upper bounds are tight in some special cases, including the case of
deterministic demands.Comment: 31 page
Analytical modelling of hot-spot traffic in deterministically-routed k-ary n-cubes
Many research studies have proposed analytical models to evaluate the performance of k-ary n-cubes with deterministic wormhole routing. Such models however have so far been confined to uniform traffic distributions. There has been hardly any model proposed that deal with non-uniform traffic distributions that could arise due to, for instance, the presence of hot-spots in the network. This paper proposes the first analytical model to predict message latency in k-ary n-cubes with deterministic routing in the presence of hot-spots. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing analytical results with those obtained through extensive simulation experiments
Export, Productivity Pattern, and Firm Size Distribution
We show in the Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms that size distributions of non-exporters and exporters have different shapes, which can only be explained by assuming that their productivity distributions have different shapes. Empirical estimations verify this assumption. This paper also analyzes the relationship between firms' size and productivity distributions and shows that: 1) productivity and size distributions change accordingly, and 2) productivity is deterministic for size distribution.Heterogeneous firm, Pareto distribution, Production size, Productivity heterogeneity
Characterization of foreign exchange market using the threshold-dealer-model
We introduce a deterministic dealer model which implements most of the
empirical laws, such as fat tails in the price change distributions, long term
memory of volatility and non-Poissonian intervals. We also clarify the
causality between microscopic dealers' dynamics and macroscopic market's
empirical laws.Comment: 10pages, 5figures, 1table, Proceedings of APFA
Characteristics of the polymer transport in ratchet systems
Molecules with complex internal structure in time-dependent periodic
potentials are studied by using short Rubinstein-Duke model polymers as an
example. We extend our earlier work on transport in stochastically varying
potentials to cover also deterministic potential switching mechanisms,
energetic efficiency and non-uniform charge distributions. We also use currents
in the non-equilibrium steady state to identify the dominating mechanisms that
lead to polymer transportation and analyze the evolution of the macroscopic
state (e.g., total and head-to-head lengths) of the polymers. Several numerical
methods are used to solve the master equations and nonlinear optimization
problems. The dominating transport mechanisms are found via graph optimization
methods. The results show that small changes in the molecule structure and the
environment variables can lead to large increases of the drift. The drift and
the coherence can be amplified by using deterministic flashing potentials and
customized polymer charge distributions. Identifying the dominating transport
mechanism by graph analysis tools is found to give insight in how the molecule
is transported by the ratchet effect.Comment: 35 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
A simple encompassing test for the deterministic and bilinear unit root models
A new parameters’ encompassing test is proposed for deciding between the deterministic unit root processes with a structural break and the bilinear unit root model without such break. The test consists in testing three
sets of hypotheses regarding parameters in a simple regression model. The test uses the t-ratio and F-statistics, of non-trivial distributions under the null
hypothesis. The finite sample distributions for the relevant statistics are tabulated and the asymptotic distribution of the F-test is derived. The test has
been applied for the daily stock price indices for 66 countries, for the period 1992-2001. The results support the conjecture that the bilinear model dominates the structural break model more often than the other way around. Also, it is likely that in practical applications the bilinear unit root process might be mistaken for the deterministic unit root process with a structural break
On the Convergence of Bayesian Regression Models
We consider heteroscedastic nonparametric regression models, when both the
mean function and variance function are unknown and to be estimated with
nonparametric approaches. We derive convergence rates of posterior
distributions for this model with different priors, including splines and
Gaussian process priors. The results are based on the general ones on the rates
of convergence of posterior distributions for independent, non-identically
distributed observations, and are established for both of the cases with random
covariates, and deterministic covariates. We also illustrate that the results
can be achieved for all levels of regularity, which means they are adaptive
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