Nominal classification

This handbook chapter summarizes some of the problems of nominal classification in language, presents and illustrates the various systems or techniques of nominal classification, and points out why nominal classification is one of the most interesting topics in Cognitive Linguistics

Improved Heterogeneous Distance Functions

Instance-based learning techniques typically handle continuous and linear input values well, but often do not handle nominal input attributes appropriately. The Value Difference Metric (VDM) was designed to find reasonable distance values between nominal attribute values, but it largely ignores continuous attributes, requiring discretization to map continuous values into nominal values. This paper proposes three new heterogeneous distance functions, called the Heterogeneous Value Difference Metric (HVDM), the Interpolated Value Difference Metric (IVDM), and the Windowed Value Difference Metric (WVDM). These new distance functions are designed to handle applications with nominal attributes, continuous attributes, or both. In experiments on 48 applications the new distance metrics achieve higher classification accuracy on average than three previous distance functions on those datasets that have both nominal and continuous attributes.Comment: See http://www.jair.org/ for an online appendix and other files accompanying this articl

Classification systems offer a microcosm of issues in conceptual processing: A commentary on Kemmerer (2016)

This is a commentary on Kemmerer (2016), Categories of Object Concepts Across Languages and Brains: The Relevance of Nominal Classification Systems to Cognitive Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1198819

Downward nominal wage rigidity and the long-run Philips Curve: simulation-based evidence for the euro area

JEL Classification: E31, E52, E58, E61Downward nominal wage rigidity, euro area, long-run Phillips curve, price stability

Definition of price stability, range and point inflation targets: the anchoring of long-term inflation expectations

JEL Classification: E52, E61, E31, E42, E43credibility, definition of price stability, inflation, inflation expectations, nominal anchor

Relevant economic issues concerning the optimal rate of inflation

JEL Classification: D60, E31, E41, E61, H21deflation, downward nominal rigidities, inflation costs and benefits, inflation differentials, price stability

PAY CUTS AND MORALE : A TEST OF DOWNWARD NOMINAL RIGIDITY

This paper tests the ‘morale’ theory of downward nominal wage rigidity. This theory relies on workers disliking nominal pay cuts : cuts should make workers less happy. We investigate this using panel data on individual employees’ pay and satisfaction. We con…rm that nominal cuts do make workers less happy than if their pay had not fallen. But we find no difference in the effect on happiness of cuts and pay freezes. This represents important information about the nature of wage rigidity in practice and the applicability of the morale theory. The morale theory may be able to explain generalised downward wage rigidity, but apparently fails to explain downward nominal rigidity.Wage rigidity ; Satisfaction JEL Classification: J30 ; E24