Design of a new outer-rotor flux-controllable vernier PM in-wheel motor drive for electric vehicle

This paper proposes a new in-wheel motor drive for electric vehicle (EV), which utilizes the outer-rotor topology to directly couple with the tire rims and hence removing the mechanical transmission. The key is to use the vernier structure for obtaining the high-speed to low-speed gear effect and achieving the high output torque at low speed operation. Also, the proposed motor drive adopts the DC field winding for performing the flux weakening control at high speed operation. Thus, this new in-wheel motor drive can smoothly operate within the speed range of 0∼1000rpm at different operation modes for EVs. The motor drive and its three-operation modes for EV operation, as well as the steady-state and transient performances are analyzed by using the time-stepping finite-element-method. © 2011 IEEE.published_or_final_versionThe 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2011), Beijing, China, 20-23 August 2011. In Proceedings of ICEMS, 2011, p. 1-

Overview of permanent-magnet brushless drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles

With ever-increasing concerns on our environment, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs (HEVs) from automakers, governments, and customers. As electric drives are the core of both EVs and HEVs, it is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric-drive systems. In this paper, an overview of permanent-magnet (PM) brushless (BL) drives for EVs and HEVs is presented, with emphasis on machine topologies, drive operations, and control strategies. Then, three major research directions of the PM BL drive systems are elaborated, namely, the magnetic-geared outer-rotor PM BL drive system, the PM BL integrated starter-generator system, and the PM BL electric variable-transmission system. © 2008 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Torque Control

This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers, a collection of 9 works, which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Control and may be comprised of three sections: different techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluctance machine

Development of fast multi-system simulation models for permanent magnet synchronous motor and generator drive systems

This research project investigates the development and validation of alternative simulation models for voltage source inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous machine drive systems which can rapidly and accurately analyse and evaluate the performance of PM machine drives and associated control system designs. Traditionally simulations have been conducted using switching models and state space average value methods. The simulation of switching models is time consuming and that of state space averaging involves complex mathematical transformation to d-q axis, with additional circuitry and this limits their application in a time critical design process. Even if the complex calculations of state space are overcome, the proposed model can still achieve better results. This thesis presents the development of fast multi system simulation models for permanent magnet synchronous motor and generator drive systems. The fast simulation model: Average Voltage Estimation Model (AVEM) was developed for two-level, three phase VSI-fed PMSM drive systems and two-level three phase full-scale back-back VSI incorporated in a PMSG wind energy conversion system. The method uses the principle of control strategy and switching function to derive the average phase voltage in one switching period and then uses the average voltages to drive piecewise-linear voltage sources across the terminals of the permanent magnet synchronous machine and three phase system. A voltage source inverter loss model was also developed and incorporated into the AVEM to simulate the drive system power flow and its performance evaluated. The average voltage estimation model is also used to estimate and simulate the energy output of the variable speed PMSG wind energy conversion system. Practical implementation of this technique is achieved using a DSP based controller and validation made through comparison of the DSP AVEM energy estimation method with calculated energy. The study also presents the development of detailed VSI switching models for a variable speed PMSM and a PMSG wind energy conversion system which serve as benchmarks for the proposed AVEM models. A detailed description of both models will be presented. Since models require a control strategy: these control strategies were also developed using the carrier-based sinusoidal (SPWM) and implemented with PI regulators. In the permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system application, the SPWM is applied to control the speed of the generator side converter to track maximum power as wind speed varies using the developed passive MPPT control technique and controls the AC load side converter to maintained constant DC link voltage. The sinusoidal PWM control provides a simplified control suitable for the variable speed PMSM drive system and the PMSG wind energy conversion system. Lastly, this thesis presents a detailed development of an experimental test rig. The test rig is developed to provide flexibility for the validation and comparison of the results of both simulation models against real practical implementations for PMSM drive system and PMSG wind energy conversions system. Several simulation case studies were performed using the PORTUNUS simulation package to validate and analyse the steady state accuracy of the proposed average voltage estimation model and control system against the switching model. Experiments were also carried out to validate the results of the simulation models. The simulation models results are presented and compared with experimental results. Suitable steady state performance analysis of two-level, three phase voltage source inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor and two-level three phase full scale back-back voltage source inverter with permanent magnet synchronous generator drive simulation and experimental performance are also carried out. The results show good agreement of the proposed average voltage estimation model with the switching model and experimental data, and where necessary the reasons for differences are discussed. The simulation of the AVEM is approximately 50 times faster than the switching model. The limitation of the proposed model is also discussed; mainly it cannot be used for the study and analysis of the internal dynamics of the voltage source inverter. The results from the proposed modelling method utilising the average voltage estimation confirm that this method can be used as an alternative to the detailed switching model for fast simulation and steady state analysis of PM machine drive systems given the advantages of speed, simplicity and ease of implementation. Note that the proposed model is only used for steady state performance analysis; however, in future its application can be extended to transient analysis. In addition, the model is not about maximium power point tracking techniques but it can accommodate maximium power point tracking techniques. It should also be highlighted that exactly the same digital control block is used in both the switching and AVEM models thus allowing a true comparison of controller behaviour. The model developed in this research project has application beyond PMSM drive system and PMSG wind energy conversion system. It can be applied to modelling, simulation and control of other electrical machine drives such as induction machines, switched reluctance machines and three-phase VSI-fed systems

Design and Application of Electrical Machines

Electrical machines are one of the most important components of the industrial world. They are at the heart of the new industrial revolution, brought forth by the development of electromobility and renewable energy systems. Electric motors must meet the most stringent requirements of reliability, availability, and high efficiency in order, among other things, to match the useful lifetime of power electronics in complex system applications and compete in the market under ever-increasing pressure to deliver the highest performance criteria. Today, thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms running on high-performance computers, it is possible to design electric machines and very complex drive systems faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in the field of material science and technology enables the development of increasingly complex motor designs and topologies. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to this development of electric machines. The publication of this collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the topic of electric machine design and application, contributes to the dissemination of the above information among professionals dealing with electrical machines

New Developments in Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is defined as the energy which naturally occurs, covers a number of sources and technologies at different stages, and is theoretically inexhaustible. Renewable energy sources such as those who are generated from sun or wind are the most readily-available and possible solutions to address the challenge of growing energy demands in the world. Newer and environmentally friendly technologies are able to provide different social and environmental benefits such as employment and decent environment. Renewable energy technologies are crucial contributors to world energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. International public opinion indicates that there is strong support for a variety of methods for solving energy supply problems, one of which is utilizing renewable energy sources. In recent years, countries realized that that the renewable energy and its sector are key components for greener economies

Advanced Mathematics and Computational Applications in Control Systems Engineering

Control system engineering is a multidisciplinary discipline that applies automatic control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments. Automatic control theory has played a vital role in the advancement of engineering and science. It has become an essential and integral part of modern industrial and manufacturing processes. Today, the requirements for control precision have increased, and real systems have become more complex. In control engineering and all other engineering disciplines, the impact of advanced mathematical and computational methods is rapidly increasing. Advanced mathematical methods are needed because real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions related to product quality and safety constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation. Conversely, the increment in mathematical complexity has an impact on the computational aspects related to numerical simulation and practical implementation of the algorithms, where a balance must also be maintained between implementation costs and the performance of the control system. This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting recent advances in developing and applying advanced mathematics and computational applications in control system engineering

Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems

The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering