1,586 research outputs found
Towards High Precision End-to-End Video Streaming from Drones using Packet Trimming
The emergence of a number of network communication facilities such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN), the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and in-network packet processing, holds a potential to meet the low latency, high precision requirements of various future multimedia applications. However, this raises the corresponding issues of how all of these elements can be used together in future networking environments, including newly developed protocols and techniques. This paper describes the architecture of an end-to-end video streaming platform for video surveillance, consisting of a UAV network domain, an edge server implementing in-network packet trimming operations with the use of Big Packet Protocol (BPP), utilization of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and multiple video clients which connect to a network managed by an SDN controller. A Virtualized Edge Function at the drone edge utilizes SVC and in communication with the Drone Control Unit to manage the transmitted video quality. Experimental results show the potential that future multimedia applications can achieve the required high precision with the use of future network components and the consideration of their interactions
DeepBrain: Experimental Evaluation of Cloud-Based Computation Offloading and Edge Computing in the Internet-of-Drones for Deep Learning Applications
This article belongs to the Special Issue Time-Sensitive Networks for Unmanned Aircraft SystemsUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been very effective in collecting aerial images data for various Internet-of-Things (IoT)/smart cities applications such as search and rescue, surveillance, vehicle detection, counting, intelligent transportation systems, to name a few. However, the real-time processing of collected data on edge in the context of the Internet-of-Drones remains an open challenge because UAVs have limited energy capabilities, while computer vision techniquesconsume excessive energy and require abundant resources. This fact is even more critical when deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are used for classification and detection. In this paper, we first propose a system architecture of computation offloading for Internet-connected drones. Then, we conduct a comprehensive experimental study to evaluate the performance in terms of energy, bandwidth, and delay of the cloud computation offloading approach versus the edge computing approach of deep learning applications in the context of UAVs. In particular, we investigate the tradeoff between the communication cost and the computation of the two candidate approaches experimentally. The main results demonstrate that the computation offloading approach allows us to provide much higher throughput (i.e., frames per second) as compared to the edge computing approach, despite the larger communication delays.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Evaluation of Flying Ad Hoc Network Topologies, Mobility Models, and IEEE Standards for Different Video Applications
Nowadays, drones became very popular with the enhancement of the technological progress of moving devices with a connection to each other, known as Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET). It is used in most worldwide necessary life scenarios such as video recording, search and rescue, military missions, moving items between different areas, and many more. This leads to the necessity to evaluate different network strategies between these flying drones, which are essential to improve their quality of performance in the field. Several challenges must be addressed to effectively use FANET, to provide stable and reliable transmission for different types of data during vast changing topologies, such as different video sizes, different types of mobility models, recent Wireless Fidelity standards, types of routing protocols used, security problems, and many more. In this paper, a fully comprehensive analysis of FANET will be done to evaluate and enhance these challenges that concern different video types, mobility models, and IEEE 802.11n standards for best performance, by measuring throughput, retransmission attempt, and delay metrics. The result shows that Gauss–Markov mobility model gives the highest result using Ad Hoc On-Demand Vector and lowest delay, whereas for retransmission attempts, 2.4 GHz frequency has the lowest as it can reach more coverage area than 5 GHz
Supporting UAVs with Edge Computing: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges
Over the last years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have seen significant
advancements in sensor capabilities and computational abilities, allowing for
efficient autonomous navigation and visual tracking applications. However, the
demand for computationally complex tasks has increased faster than advances in
battery technology. This opens up possibilities for improvements using edge
computing. In edge computing, edge servers can achieve lower latency responses
compared to traditional cloud servers through strategic geographic deployments.
Furthermore, these servers can maintain superior computational performance
compared to UAVs, as they are not limited by battery constraints. Combining
these technologies by aiding UAVs with edge servers, research finds measurable
improvements in task completion speed, energy efficiency, and reliability
across multiple applications and industries. This systematic literature review
aims to analyze the current state of research and collect, select, and extract
the key areas where UAV activities can be supported and improved through edge
computing
Design and management of image processing pipelines within CPS: Acquired experience towards the end of the FitOptiVis ECSEL Project
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are dynamic and reactive systems interacting with processes, environment and, sometimes, humans. They are often distributed with sensors and actuators, characterized for being smart, adaptive, predictive and react in real-time. Indeed, image- and video-processing pipelines are a prime source for environmental information for systems allowing them to take better decisions according to what they see. Therefore, in FitOptiVis, we are developing novel methods and tools to integrate complex image- and video-processing pipelines. FitOptiVis aims to deliver a reference architecture for describing and optimizing quality and resource management for imaging and video pipelines in CPSs both at design- and run-time. The architecture is concretized in low-power, high-performance, smart components, and in methods and tools for combined design-time and run-time multi-objective optimization and adaptation within system and environment constraints
Routing and video streaming in drone networks
PhDDrones can be used for several civil applications including search and rescue, coverage,
and aerial imaging. Newer applications like construction and delivery of goods are
also emerging. Performing tasks as a team of drones is often beneficial but requires
coordination through communication. In this thesis, the communication requirements
of video streaming drone applications based on existing works are studied. The existing
communication technologies are then analyzed to understand if the communication
requirements posed by these drone applications can be met by the available technologies.
The shortcomings of existing technologies with respect to drone applications are
identified and potential requirements for future technologies are suggested.
The existing communication and routing protocols including ad-hoc on-demand distance
vector (AODV), location-aided routing (LAR), and greedy perimeter stateless
routing (GPSR) protocols are studied to identify their limitations in context to the
drone networks. An application scenario where a team of drones covers multiple areas of
interest is considered, where the drones follow known trajectories and transmit continuous
streams of sensed traffic (images or video) to a ground station. A route switching
(RS) algorithm is proposed that utilizes both the location and the trajectory information
of the drones to schedule and update routes to overcome route discovery and route error
overhead. Simulation results show that the RS scheme outperforms LAR and AODV by
achieving higher network performance in terms of throughput and delay.
Video streaming drone applications such as search and rescue, surveillance, and disaster
management, benefit from multicast wireless video streaming to transmit identical
data to multiple users. Video multicast streaming using IEEE 802.11 poses challenges of
reliability, performance, and fairness under tight delay bounds. Because of the mobility
of the video sources and the high data-rate of the videos, the transmission rate should be
adapted based on receivers' link conditions. Rate-adaptive video multicast streaming in
IEEE 802.11 requires wireless link estimation as well as frequent feedback from multiple
receivers. A contribution to this thesis is an application-layer rate-adaptive video multicast
streaming framework using an 802.11 ad-hoc network that is applicable when both
the sender and the receiver nodes are mobile. The receiver nodes of a multicast group
are assigned with roles dynamically based on their link conditions. An application layer
video multicast gateway (ALVM-GW) adapts the transmission rate and the video encoding
rate based on the received feedback. Role switching between multiple receiver nodes
(designated nodes) cater for mobility and rate adaptation addresses the challenges of
performance and fairness. The reliability challenge is addressed through re-transmission
of lost packets while delays under given bounds are achieved through video encoding
rate adaptation. Emulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach
outperforms legacy multicast in terms of packet loss and video quality
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