Construction of 4d SYM compactified on open Riemann surfaces by the superfield formalism

By compactifying gauge theories on a lower dimensional manifold, we often find many interesting relationships between a geometry and a supersymmetric quantum field theory. In this paper we consider conformal field theories obtained from twisted compactification on a Riemann surface with a boundary. Various kinds of supersymmetric boundary conditions are exchanged under S-duality. To consider these transformations one need to take into account boundary degrees of freedom. So we study how the degrees of freedom can be added at the boundary of the Riemann surface. In this paper I show that this introduction of the boundary fields can be done preserving supersymmetry by means of 2-dimensional superfields.Comment: 14 pages, some typos corrected and introduction is rewritten, the title and abstract were change

Zhan Hai Ling of Qing China and the Premise which Chinese Merchants stayed at Nagasaki: The Aspect of Relationship between Qing China and Edo Japan

The relationship between Qing China and Edo Japan continued essential longtime forms which Chinese ships visited in Nagasaki and brought many Chinese goods until 1860\u27s. This relationship was not tribute and contraband trade, but official trade. Wei Yuan wrote to the following of relationship on "Hai guo tu zhi" vol. 17. Chinese ships went to Japan, but Japanese ships never came China. The trade between China and Japan only opened in Nagasaki. Nagasaki just collected many goods. The commercial activities flourished there. This relationship is exceptional instance in world history. Therefore, in this relationship, we should not forget the existence of the Chinese ships trading between China and Japan, and sailing by Chinese merchants. So, where in Nagasaki did they visit? Why did the place where they stayed in Nagasaki change? This paper explains the place of sojourn of Chinese merchants and the connection of "Zhan Hai Ling" that Qing China published a law in 1684. The Law influenced Japanese trade system in Nagasaki