Myoelectric feature extraction using temporal-spatial descriptors for multifunction prosthetic hand control.

We tackle the challenging problem of myoelectric prosthesis control with an improved feature extraction algorithm. The proposed algorithm correlates a set of spectral moments and their nonlinearly mapped version across the temporal and spatial domains to form accurate descriptors of muscular activity. The main processing step involves the extraction of the Electromyogram (EMG) signal power spectrum characteristics directly from the time-domain for each analysis window, a step to preserve the computational power required for the construction of spectral features. The subsequent analyses involve computing 1) the correlation between the time-domain descriptors extracted from each analysis window and a nonlinearly mapped version of it across the same EMG channel; representing the temporal evolution of the EMG signals, and 2) the correlation between the descriptors extracted from differences of all possible combinations of channels and a nonlinearly mapped version of them, focusing on how the EMG signals from different channels correlates with each other. The proposed Temporal-Spatial Descriptors (TSDs) are validated on EMG data collected from six transradial amputees performing 11 classes of finger movements. Classification results showed significant reductions (at least 8%) in classification error rates compared to other methods

KNN Learning Techniques for Proportional Myocontrol in Prosthetics

This work has been conducted in the context of pattern-recognition-based control for electromyographic prostheses. It presents a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) classification technique for gesture recognition, extended by a proportionality scheme. The methods proposed are practically implemented and validated. Datasets are captured by means of a state-of-the-art 8-channel electromyography (EMG) armband positioned on the forearm. Based on this data, the influence of kNNs parameters is analyzed in pilot experiments. Moreover, the effect of proportionality scaling and rest thresholding schemes is investigated. A randomized, double-blind user study is conducted to compare the implemented method with the state-of-research algorithm Ridge Regression with Random Fourier Features (RR-RFF) for different levels of gesture exertion. The results from these experiments show a statistically significant improvement in favour of the kNN-based algorithm

Métodos de classificação confiável e resiliente de movimentos de membros superiores baseado em extreme learning machines e sinais de eletromiografia de superfície

Apesar de avanços recentes, a classificação confiável de sinais de eletromiografia de superfície (sEMG) permanece uma tarefa árdua sob a perspectiva de Aprendizagem de Máquina. Sinais de sEMG possuem uma sobreposição de classes inerente à sua natureza, o que impede a separação perfeita das amostras e produz ruídos de classificação. Alternativas ao problema geralmente baseiam-se na filtragem do sEMG ou métodos de pós-processamento como o Major-Voting, soluções estas que necessariamente geram atrasos na classificação do sinal e frequentemente não geram melhoras substanciais. A abordagem deste trabalho baseia-se no desenvolvimento de métodos confiáveis e resilientes sob a perspectiva de classificação que gerem saídas mais estáveis e consistentes para o classificador baseado em Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) utilizado. Para tanto, métodos envolvendo o pré-processamento e pós-processamento, a suavização do arg max do classificador, thresholds adaptativos e um classificador binário auxiliar foram utilizados. Os sinais classificados derivam de 12 canais de sEMG envolvendo três bases de dados diferentes onde 99 ensaios compostos pela execução de 17 movimentos distintos do segmento mão-braço foram realizados. Nos melhores resultados, os métodos utilizados atingiram taxas de acerto médio global de 66,99 ± 23,6% para a base de voluntários amputados, 87,10 ± 5,89% para a base de voluntários não-amputados e taxas superiores a 99% para todas as variações de diferentes ensaios que compõe a base de dados adquirida em laboratório. Já para a taxa de acerto média ponderada por classes, nos melhores resultados foram de 53,36 ± 18,2% para a base de voluntários amputados, 77,94 ± 6,22% para a base de voluntários não-amputados e taxas superiores a 91% para os ensaios da base de dados adquirida em laboratório. Ambas as métricas de taxa de acerto consideradas superam ou equivalem-se a alternativas descritas na literatura, utilizando abordagens que não demandam grandes mudanças estruturais no classificador.Despite recent advances, reliable classification of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals remains an arduous task from the perspective of Machine Learning. sEMG signals have inherent class overlaps that prevent optimal labeling due to classification noises. Alternatives to classification ripples usually rely on stochastic sEMG filtering or post-processing methods, like Major-Voting, both solutions that insert constraints and additional delays in signal classification and often do not generate substantial improvements. The approach of this paper focuses on the development of reliable and resilient methods used in combination with an Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) classifier to generate more stable and consistent outputs. Methods of pre-processing and post-processing, a smoothed arg max version of the ELM, adaptive thresholds, and an auxiliary binary classifier were used to process signals derived from 12 EMG channels from three different databases. In total, 99 trials were performed, each one containing 17 different upper-limb movements. The proposed methods reached an average overall accuracy rate of 66.99 ± 23.6% for the amputee individuals’ database, 87.10 ± 5.89% for the non-amputee individuals’ database, and rates over 99% for all variations of our own lab-generated database. The average weighted accuracy rates were 53.36 ± 18.2% for the amputee individuals’ database, 77.94 ± 6.22% for the base of the non-amputee individuals’ database, and higher than 91% for the best-case scenario of our own lab-generated database. In both metrics considered, the results outperform, or match alternatives described in the literature using approaches that do not require significant changes in the classifier's architecture