13,060 research outputs found

    Towards development of fuzzy spatial datacubes : fundamental concepts with example for multidimensional coastal erosion risk assessment and representation

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    Les systĂšmes actuels de base de donnĂ©es gĂ©odĂ©cisionnels (GeoBI) ne tiennent gĂ©nĂ©ralement pas compte de l'incertitude liĂ©e Ă  l'imprĂ©cision et le flou des objets; ils supposent que les objets ont une sĂ©mantique, une gĂ©omĂ©trie et une temporalitĂ© bien dĂ©finies et prĂ©cises. Un exemple de cela est la reprĂ©sentation des zones Ă  risque par des polygones avec des limites bien dĂ©finies. Ces polygones sont crĂ©Ă©s en utilisant des agrĂ©gations d'un ensemble d'unitĂ©s spatiales dĂ©finies sur soit des intĂ©rĂȘts des organismes responsables ou les divisions de recensement national. MalgrĂ© la variation spatio-temporelle des multiples critĂšres impliquĂ©s dans l’analyse du risque, chaque polygone a une valeur unique de risque attribuĂ© de façon homogĂšne sur l'Ă©tendue du territoire. En rĂ©alitĂ©, la valeur du risque change progressivement d'un polygone Ă  l'autre. Le passage d'une zone Ă  l'autre n'est donc pas bien reprĂ©sentĂ© avec les modĂšles d’objets bien dĂ©finis (crisp). Cette thĂšse propose des concepts fondamentaux pour le dĂ©veloppement d'une approche combinant le paradigme GeoBI et le concept flou de considĂ©rer la prĂ©sence de l’incertitude spatiale dans la reprĂ©sentation des zones Ă  risque. En fin de compte, nous supposons cela devrait amĂ©liorer l’analyse du risque. Pour ce faire, un cadre conceptuel est dĂ©veloppĂ© pour crĂ©er un model conceptuel d’une base de donnĂ©e multidimensionnelle avec une application pour l’analyse du risque d’érosion cĂŽtier. Ensuite, une approche de la reprĂ©sentation des risques fondĂ©e sur la logique floue est dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour traiter l'incertitude spatiale inhĂ©rente liĂ©e Ă  l'imprĂ©cision et le flou des objets. Pour cela, les fonctions d'appartenance floues sont dĂ©finies en basant sur l’indice de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© qui est un composant important du risque. Au lieu de dĂ©terminer les limites bien dĂ©finies entre les zones Ă  risque, l'approche proposĂ©e permet une transition en douceur d'une zone Ă  une autre. Les valeurs d'appartenance de plusieurs indicateurs sont ensuite agrĂ©gĂ©es basĂ©es sur la formule des risques et les rĂšgles SI-ALORS de la logique floue pour reprĂ©senter les zones Ă  risque. Ensuite, les Ă©lĂ©ments clĂ©s d'un cube de donnĂ©es spatiales floues sont formalisĂ©s en combinant la thĂ©orie des ensembles flous et le paradigme de GeoBI. En plus, certains opĂ©rateurs d'agrĂ©gation spatiale floue sont prĂ©sentĂ©s. En rĂ©sumĂ©, la principale contribution de cette thĂšse se rĂ©fĂšre de la combinaison de la thĂ©orie des ensembles flous et le paradigme de GeoBI. Cela permet l’extraction de connaissances plus comprĂ©hensibles et appropriĂ©es avec le raisonnement humain Ă  partir de donnĂ©es spatiales et non-spatiales. Pour ce faire, un cadre conceptuel a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© sur la base de paradigme GĂ©oBI afin de dĂ©velopper un cube de donnĂ©es spatiale floue dans le system de Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP) pour Ă©valuer le risque de l'Ă©rosion cĂŽtiĂšre. Cela nĂ©cessite d'abord d'Ă©laborer un cadre pour concevoir le modĂšle conceptuel basĂ© sur les paramĂštres de risque, d'autre part, de mettre en Ɠuvre l’objet spatial flou dans une base de donnĂ©es spatiales multidimensionnelle, puis l'agrĂ©gation des objets spatiaux flous pour envisager Ă  la reprĂ©sentation multi-Ă©chelle des zones Ă  risque. Pour valider l'approche proposĂ©e, elle est appliquĂ©e Ă  la rĂ©gion Perce (Est du QuĂ©bec, Canada) comme une Ă©tude de cas.Current Geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI) systems typically do not take into account the uncertainty related to vagueness and fuzziness of objects; they assume that the objects have well-defined and exact semantics, geometry, and temporality. Representation of fuzzy zones by polygons with well-defined boundaries is an example of such approximation. This thesis uses an application in Coastal Erosion Risk Analysis (CERA) to illustrate the problems. CERA polygons are created using aggregations of a set of spatial units defined by either the stakeholders’ interests or national census divisions. Despite spatiotemporal variation of the multiple criteria involved in estimating the extent of coastal erosion risk, each polygon typically has a unique value of risk attributed homogeneously across its spatial extent. In reality, risk value changes gradually within polygons and when going from one polygon to another. Therefore, the transition from one zone to another is not properly represented with crisp object models. The main objective of the present thesis is to develop a new approach combining GeoBI paradigm and fuzzy concept to consider the presence of the spatial uncertainty in the representation of risk zones. Ultimately, we assume this should improve coastal erosion risk assessment. To do so, a comprehensive GeoBI-based conceptual framework is developed with an application for Coastal Erosion Risk Assessment (CERA). Then, a fuzzy-based risk representation approach is developed to handle the inherent spatial uncertainty related to vagueness and fuzziness of objects. Fuzzy membership functions are defined by an expert-based vulnerability index. Instead of determining well-defined boundaries between risk zones, the proposed approach permits a smooth transition from one zone to another. The membership values of multiple indicators (e.g. slop and elevation of region under study, infrastructures, houses, hydrology network and so on) are then aggregated based on risk formula and Fuzzy IF-THEN rules to represent risk zones. Also, the key elements of a fuzzy spatial datacube are formally defined by combining fuzzy set theory and GeoBI paradigm. In this regard, some operators of fuzzy spatial aggregation are also formally defined. The main contribution of this study is combining fuzzy set theory and GeoBI. This makes spatial knowledge discovery more understandable with human reasoning and perception. Hence, an analytical conceptual framework was proposed based on GeoBI paradigm to develop a fuzzy spatial datacube within Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP) to assess coastal erosion risk. This necessitates developing a framework to design a conceptual model based on risk parameters, implementing fuzzy spatial objects in a spatial multi-dimensional database, and aggregating fuzzy spatial objects to deal with multi-scale representation of risk zones. To validate the proposed approach, it is applied to Perce region (Eastern Quebec, Canada) as a case study

    Cultural Intelligence as a Prism between Workforce Diversity and Performance in a Modern Organization

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    In today’s globalizing world it is of importance for managers to manage the constantly growing workforce diversity. Besides the generally promoted idea of diversity management, often limited to fair employment, less attention has been paid to the advantages and hidden potentials of diversity. Previous research that has emphasized the link between diversity and organizational performance has indicated very different results. However it highlights mainly only the easily detectable level of diversity. In the present article a theoretical background is created proposing cultural intelligence as a tool linking different levels of workforce diversity and performance in organizations.workforce diversity; values; cultural intelligence; multicultural organizations.

    SciTech News Volume 71, No. 1 (2017)

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    Columns and Reports From the Editor 3 Division News Science-Technology Division 5 Chemistry Division 8 Engineering Division Aerospace Section of the Engineering Division 9 Architecture, Building Engineering, Construction and Design Section of the Engineering Division 11 Reviews Sci-Tech Book News Reviews 12 Advertisements IEEE
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