Effects of Raschig Ring Packing Patterns on Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer, Methane Conversion, and Coke Deposition on a Semi-pilot-scale Packed Bed Reformer

The effects of Raschig ring packing patterns on the efficiency of dry methane reforming reactions were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The present study aims to understand the behavior of fluid flow in packed bed reactors, especially under low reactor-to-ring ratios between 4 and 8. Three packing patterns were studied: vertical staggered (VS), chessboard staggered (CS), and reciprocal staggered (RS). It was determined that packing pattern notably affected pressure drop across the reactor length. The VS pattern produced the lowest pressure drop of 223 mPa, while the CS and RS patterns produced pressure drops of 228 mPa and 308 mPa, respectively. The values of methane conversion can be increased by ca. 2 % by selecting a more suitable packing pattern (i.e., 76 % for the VS pattern and 74 % for the CS and RS patterns). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

2-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling on Comsol Multiphysics of Fischer Tropsch Fixed Bed Reactor Using a Novel Microfibrous Catalyst and Supercritical Reaction Media

Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FT) is a highly exothermic catalyzed reaction to produce a variety of hydrocarbon products and value-added chemicals. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional FT reactors, utilizing high conductivity catalytic structures consisting of microfibrous entrapped cobalt catalyst (MFECC) has been proposed to enhance heat removal from the reactor bed. Additionally, utilization of supercritical fluids (SCF-FT) as a reaction media with liquid-like heat capacity and gaslike diffusivity have been employed to mitigate hot spot formation in FT reactors. The objective of the present study is to investigate the performance of FT Fixed bed/PB reactors operating using SCF-FT as a reaction media and MFECC structures using a conventional cobalt-based catalyst in terms of thermal management, syngas conversion, and product selectivity. A 2-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of an FT reactor was developed in COMSOL® Multiphysics v5.3a for three systems; nonconventional MFECC bed and conventional PB under gas-phase conditions (GP-FT) and non-conventional PB in SCF-FT media. The potential of scaling-up a typical industrial 1.5'' diameter reactor bed to a larger tube diameter (up to 4” ID) was studied as a first step towards process intensification of the FT technology. An advantage of increasing the tube diameter is that it allows for the use of higher gas flow rates, thus enabling higher reactor productivity and a reduction in the number of tubes required to achieve a targeted capacity. The high fidelity 2-D model developed in this work was built on experimental data generated at a variety of FT operating conditions both in conventional GP-FT operation and in SCF-FT reactor bed. Results showed that the MFECC bed provided excellent temperature control and low selectivity toward undesired methane (CHv4) and high selectivity toward the desired hydrocarbon cuts (C5+). For the 4'' diameter, the maximum temperature rise in the MFECC bed was always 2% below the inlet operational temperature. However, in PB the temperature can go up to 53% higher than the inlet temperature. This resulted in 100% selectivity toward methane and 0% selectivity toward the higher hydrocarbon cuts (C5+). On the other hand, the CH4 selectivity in the MFECC case was maintained below 24%, while the Cv5+ selectivity was higher than 70%. Similarly, the maximum temperature rise in SCF-FT for a 4” ID bed was just 15 K compared to ~800 K in GP-FT bed. The enhancement in thermal performance in the SCF-FT reactor bed is attributed to the high thermal capacity of SCF media (~2500 J/kg/K) compared to the GP media (~1300 J/kg/K), which resulted in the elimination of hotspot formation