1 research outputs found

    ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ตœ์  ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์ •์ฑ…์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ์ด์ข…์ˆ˜.Long-term power planning has been focused primarily on cost minimization, which was the same in other countries as in Korea. Since 2000, several studies applied Markowitz's portfolio theory to the portfolio of power generation sources. However, many of the earlier studies only concentrated on finding the efficient frontier of the portfolio, and there has not been a study on the trade-off ratio value between the cost and its volatility. Therefore, in earlier studies, the optimal portfolios from the efficiency frontier were found through scenario analysis, and not the real value of the policymaker's trade-off ratio. The primary aim of this paper is to estimate reasonably the exchange ratio between costs and their volatility in the analysis of the optimal power mix using the mean-variance model. This study started from the microeconomic foundation, which the policy makers used to establish the power plan to maximize their social welfare, estimate the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between these elements using the time series of the power structure in Korea, and derive the optimal power portfolio from this. The secondary aim of this paper is to include in the analysis model the reliability risks that must be considered in the optimal power generation mix. Several studies describe power generation assets in the same way as securities traded in the capital market, but it is very important to maintain power supply reliability as well as minimize cost, and avoid volatility in real-world power plant investment. In this study, the reliability risk was defined as the loss of load probability, and the mean-variance portfolio model was expanded by including it as an element of the social welfare function of policy-makers in establishing a power plan. The findings of the study are as follows: First, from the perspective of cost and volatility, the ratio of substitution between the two factors gradually changed from 1992 to 2014 to take more volatility risk. This was a major reason for the expansion of combined cycle gas turbine, which was eco-friendly and continuously improved in thermal efficiency since the 1990s, whereas diversifying power sources with nuclear power and coal after the oil shock in the 1970s. Second, the actual power generation portfolio was gradually approaching the optimal portfolio during the analysis period, but the share of LNG combined cycle power generation has increased significantly compared to the optimum level since 2011 when a large-scale power outage occurred in Korea. This can be attributed to the fact that in the early 2010s, the approval for the construction of LNG combined cycle power plants increased significantly to cope with the electricity crisis because of a short construction time. Third, when considering power reliability, the ratio of the optimal power generation portfolio was found to increase in proportion to peak-load generator, especially LNG, as compared to the volatility-risk-only model. This is because the combined power generation technology is composed of several gas turbines and a steam turbine, and the unit capacity per generator is small, which has a considerable diversification effect even in the event of generator failure. Based on these results, it is expected that the proportion of LNG in the power generation portfolio will have to be increased in the future. This is because policy makers are gradually changing the viewpoint of allowing volatility risk in their utility, and LNG CC is superior to other power sources in terms of reliability. In particular, the expansion of renewable power sources, which will increase the risk of reliability, is expected to require more LNG facilities in the future.์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ „์›๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Markowitz์˜ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„์˜ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ ํ–‰์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‘ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตํ™˜๋น„์œจ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํšจ์œจ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ์  ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ CAPM ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์žฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ‰๊ท -๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ตœ์  ์ „์› ๋ฏน์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตํ™˜ ๋น„์œจ, ์ฆ‰ trade-off ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ตœ์  ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž๋ณธ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ตœ์†Œํ™”์™€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ํšŒํ”ผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ง€์žฅํ™•๋ฅ (LOLP)๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „์›๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋‹น๊ตญ์ž์˜ ํšจ์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท -๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ 1์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ LOLPํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฌํ…Œ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‘ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋น„์œจ์€ 1992~2014๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์˜ค์ผ์‡ผํฌ ์ดํ›„ ์›์ž๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์„ํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€, 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LNG ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ๋ฐ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค์ œ ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์ฐจ ์ตœ์  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ˆœํ™˜์ •์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋˜ 2011๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ LNG ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ตœ์ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ, ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์€ LNG ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ์Šน์ธ์ด ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ „๋ ฅ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ์  ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”ผํฌ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ LNG์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๊ณผ ์ŠคํŒ€ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋‹น ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘์•„ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „์›๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค LNG์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž์˜ ํšจ์šฉ๋„ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ ์ฐจ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์›์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์ „์›์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ LNG์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 4 1.3 Research Outline 6 Chapter 2. Literature Review 7 2.1 Portfolio Theory 7 2.1.1 Markowitzs Concept 8 2.1.2 Capital Asset Pricing Model 10 2.2 Application to Power Generation Mix 14 2.2.1 Application to Global Case 14 2.2.2 Application to Korean Case 19 2.3 Estimation of the Trade-off Ratio 23 2.4 Limitations of Previous Research and Research Motivation 25 Chapter 3. Methodology 29 3.1 Volatility Risk Only Model (1-risk model) 29 3.1.1 Microeconomic Foundation 29 3.1.2 Econometric Method 35 3.2 Reliability Risk Added Model (2-risk model) 40 3.2.1 Measure of Reliability risk 40 3.2.2 Microeconomic Foundation 45 Chapter 4. Empirical Studies 56 4.1 Data Specification 56 4.1.1 Investment Cost 56 4.1.2 O&M and Fuel cost 59 4.1.3 Total Supply Cost 61 4.2 Estimation of 1-risk Model 63 4.2.1 Estimation of Covariance Matrix 63 4.2.2 Estimation of Share Equation 69 4.2.3 Empirical Results and Discussion 70 4.3 Estimation of 2-risk Model 79 4.3.1 Calculation of LOLP 79 4.3.2 Estimation of Share Equation 84 4.3.3 Empirical Results and Discussion 86 4.4 Implication for Electric Power Industry Policy 94 4.4.1 Revisit to the CAPM 95 4.4.2 Intermittency of Renewable Energy 102 4.4.3 Future Portfolio Including Renewable Energy 107 Chapter 5. Summary and Conclusion 111 5.1 Concluding Remarks and Contribution 111 5.2 Limitation and Future Studies 115 Bibliography 116 Appendix 1 : Deriving Optimal Share Equation 128 Appendix 2 : Deriving Derivatives of LOLP Function 130 Appendix 3 : Data Set 133 Appendix 4 : 8th Basic plan for supply and demand 135 Abstract (Korean) 139Docto
    corecore