Intelligent transport system for motorcycle safety and issues

This paper provides a review of Intelligent Transport System for motorcycles safety and related issues with some existing or emerging ITS technologies to enhanced vehicles safety. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have significant potential to enhance traffic safety. Numerous ITS technologies have been developed to improve the safety and efficiency of cars, commercial vehicles, public transport and infrastructure. ITS applications have been developed with car safety in mind, but the potential for developments for motorcycle is great. Very few ITS have been developed specially for motorcycles, and all of those that do exist are in-vehicle systems. Many ITS exist or are emerging for other classes of vehicle that have potential to enhance motorcycle safety directly or indirectly. There several ITS technologies in-vehicle system to be introduced and adapted to motorcycles; advanced driver assistance system, intelligent speed adaptation, driver monitoring system, collision warning and avoidance system, lane keeping and lane-change warning system, visibility enhancing system, seat belt/helmet reminder system. However, there is a need for the development of standards for the design of ITS technologies for motorcycles, as there is for the design of ITS technologies for other vehicles. Motorcycle pose particular problem when it comes to the technical adaptation of certain ITS systems, particularly those that have not been custom-designed for motorcycle

An Intelligent Traction Control for Motorcycles

The appearance of anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and traction control systems (TCS) have been some of the most major developments in vehicle safety. These systems have been evolving since their origin, always keeping the same objective, by using increasingly sophisticated algorithms and complex brake and torque control architectures. The aim of this work is to develop and implement a new control model of a traction control system to be installed on a motorcycle, regulating the slip in traction and improving dynamic performance of two-wheeled vehicles. This paper presents a novel traction control algorithm based on the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic. An ANN is used to estimate the optimal slip of the surface the vehicle is moving on. A fuzzy logic control block, which makes use of the optimal slip provided by the ANN, is developed to control the throttle position. Two control blocks have been tuned. The first control block has been tuned according to the experience of an expert operator. The second one has been optimized using Evolutionary Computation (EC). Simulation shows that the use of EC can improve the fuzzy logic based control algorithm, obtaining better results than those produced with the control tuned only by experience.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Motorcycle Potential Problems in Jakarta

After the economic crisis in 1997, motorcycles become a popular transport mode in Indonesian cities.However this condition leads to large number of violation and accident rate. This study tried to discuss howthis problem started and what possible measure can be taken to solve the problems, mainly based on literaturereview. The traffic data used were compiled from the data provided by PT Pamintori Cipta. Interview surveywas conducted to find people perception of motorcycles issues. The conclusion suggests that there is a needof further comprehensive study to find out what condition that makes motorcyclists voluntary return to usepublic transport and social engineering and intensive training program should be implemented for youngergeneration to improve traffic condition in Jakarta

The effect of swingarm stiffness on motorcycle stability: Experimental measurements and numerical simulations

This paper focuses on the effect of swingarm deformability on motorcycle stability and in particular on the weave mode. Multibody models for the analysis of stability and handling of single track vehicles require a lumped element representation of the deformability of the critical structural elements of the vehicle. The twist axis method is used to identify lumped stiffness and damping elements able to represent bending and torsion deformability of the swingarm. Experimental tests and identification results dealing with two different swingarms are presented. The identified lumped stiffness and damping elements are implemented in a multibody code and some numerical stability analyses are carried out. Calculated results show that swingarm deformability has a small effect on the stability of super sport motorcycles, whereas the stability of the weave mode of enduro motorcycles is affected by swingarm deformability in a specific range of speeds

APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC TO TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL UNDER MIXED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

Traffic signal control is commonly used at road intersections to minimise vehicular delay. Fixed time control shows good results in conditions where there is a little fluctuation in traffic demand, however in time-varying traffic fixed time control becomes inflexible and inefficient. This may produce traffic congestion and lead to increased delays and air pollution. Demand responsive traffic signal control must be introduced to overcome these problems. However, all the available demand responsive traffic signal control methods such as Vehicle Actuated Controller (VAC), Traffic Optimisation Logic (TOL), Microprocessor Optimised Vehicle Actuation (MOVA) and Fuzzy Logic Traffic Signal Controllers (FLTSC) have been developed for non-mixed traffic conditions, considering only motor vehicles move in clearly defined lanes, neglecting motorcycles. These demand responsive traffic signal controls are not appropriate for the mixed traffic conditions of developing countries such as Indonesia, where the traffic streams consist of different types of vehicle with a wide variation in their static, dynamic and operating characteristics, and with a particularly high proportion (30% - 70%) of motorcycles. Also there is lack of lane discipline. This thesis describes the design and evaluation of an adaptive traffic signal controller based on fuzzy logic for an isolated four-way intersection with specific reference to mixed traffic in developing countries, including a high proportion of motorcycles. Four proposed controllers have been developed for different schemes. The controllers were designed to be responsive to real time traffic demands. The study identifies two traffic parameters as appropriate as input data for an adaptive traffic signal controller under mixed traffic conditions such as the proposed FLTSC: the average occupancy rate (%) and maximum queue length (metres). The literature study suggest that this data should be collected using advances video image processing. The proposed FLTSC uses maximum queue lengths and average occupancy rates collected during the previous cycle to estimate the number of seconds of green time required by each set of signal groups during the next cycle. The effectiveness of the proposed FLTSC was analysed using the microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM. Prior to doing so, the VISSIM model was calibrated and validated. From the validation process it was apparent that the VISSIM model could be adapted to simulate mixed traffic conditions by use of the Packet approach. In this approach, motorcycles are modelled as a group of motorcycles. The performance of the proposed FLTSC was contrasted with a Fixed Time Controller (FTC) for different case studies on a simulated four-way intersection. The FTC is represented by the calculation as suggested in the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual. Separate analysis using TRANSYT show that this is a valid assumption to make. The simulation results show that the proposed FLTSC is generally better than the FTC in terms of the average delay of vehicles at an intersection, especially under time-varying traffic. Further analysis was carried out to compare the performance of the proposed FLTSC against a Vehicle Actuated Controller (VAC) for different traffic conditions on a simulated four- way intersection, East-West and North-South without turning movements. In order to analyse the performance of VAC, a refined VISSIM model was developed. This used the latest version of the VISSIM software and allowed individual vehicles (and particularly motorcycles) to be modelled in mixed traffic. The phase extension time is one of the most critical parameters to affect the overall performance of VAC (Bullen, 1989). To provide a fair comparison of the performance between the proposed FLTSC and the VAC, an investigation was carried out to find the most appropriate extension time for the VAC that was suitable for mixed traffic. The effect of motorcycles to the performance of the VAC was also investigated. Two schemes were carried out to observe it, namely: Scheme 1 where detector detects all vehicle types (DfT, 2006) and Scheme 2 where detector detects all vehicle types, apart from motorcycles. The simulation results show that the VAC System D (DfT, 2006) using an extension time of 1.2 seconds and the VAC Extension Principle (Kell and Fullerton, 1991) with a detector position of 30 metres and extension time of 3.0 seconds produced better performance than the other extension times tested for both schemes in terms of the average delay of vehicles. This is slightly shorter than current practice in developed countries. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the VACs with scheme 1 is generally worse than with scheme 2. The performance of the VACs with scheme 1 against scheme 2 tended to reduce significantly as the percentage of motorcycles in traffic increased. The study compares the effectiveness of FTC, VAC Extension Principle (VAC-EP), VAC System D (VAC-SD) and proposed FLTSC in various traffic conditions. The simulation results indicate that the average delay of the proposed FLTSC is close to the average delay of the FTC when used in cases with constant traffic flows but sometimes worse. However, in cases of time-varying traffic the proposed FLTSC is superior to the FTC. When comparing the simulation results of the proposed FLTSC, VAC-SD and VAC-EP, again the proposed FLTSC does not improve average delay, when traffic flows constant but produces better results in cases of time-varying traffic

Quo Vadis, Posadas?

This examination looks at Virginia\u27s ban on speech advertising motorcycles and revisits the question raised in the Posadas decision - may a state ban speech about a legal product the state could ban if it so desired. This article uses comparisons to the government employee speech cases to further illuminate the issue

Quo Vadis, Posadas?

This examination looks at Virginia\u27s ban on speech advertising motorcycles and revisits the question raised in the Posadas decision - may a state ban speech about a legal product the state could ban if it so desired. This article uses comparisons to the government employee speech cases to further illuminate the issue

The concrete structure remedial assessements in marine environment from whole life asset management perspectives

This study makes use of a desk top review methodology to discover and understand the remedial assessment of damage concrete structures in the marine environment (sea water). Basically, the restorations of asset marine facility are done by using a correct and present repair technique to both spall concrete as well as corrode rebar and must follow the code and standards throughout construction periods. Specifically, the study undertook a comprehensive insight into the literature review of three (3) major components of research, consisting of reinforced concrete of marine structure, understanding marine environment and management of rehabilitation marine facility. The research chooses a case study of an oil refinery jetty piles terminal at Marsden Point in New Zealand. The asset facility is poorly deteriorating due to aggressive action of marine environment and need attention. The asset owners are aim to establish potential maintenance strategies in restoration of his asset facilities. The damaged marine structure will be looked at from whole life asset management perspectives; to identify various components of concrete structures that were subjected to steel corrosion and concrete deterioration. Application of whole life asset management paradigm in the case study will have significant impacts to the facilities and the owner as well. The benefits with regard to implementation of whole life asset management approaches in managing the asset marine facility correlate with risk management, accountability, service facility management and financial efficiency. The refurbishment work will make use of current repair method in assessing the restoration of damage concrete piles. This should take account of a risk management study prior selection of best procurement routes for the case studies. The case study is critically reviewed for options that suit the asset facility present condition and set up objectives to get the best approach adopted with regards to asset problem. The findings demonstrate that the adoption of the whole life asset management paradigm will promote the asset owner, to obtain best value for money concept from the investment and to gain benefits in terms of time, cost, quality and fit for purpose. It also help in promoting and prolong the asset lifespan and also to provide constant sustainable and economic service of asset facilities

Environmental audit of industrial waste

In this industrialization era, an environmental audit is become more complex which is a very strict action are needed in minimize a wastage. Employing an environmental management system is a significant undertaking but an extremely worthwhile one for any organisation. Certification has developed a step by step guide to aid companies in implementing the standard during their journey to ISO 14001 certification. This report discussed on manageable and unmanageable wastage in different companies. These activities give an impact also consequences to environment and lead to poor organization management