A Dynamical Model of Color Confinement

A dynamical model of confinement based on a transport theoretical description of the Friedberg-Lee model is extended to explicit color degrees of freedom. The string tension is reproduced by an adiabatic string formation from the nucleon ground state. Color isovector oscillation modes of a $q\bar{q}$-system are investigated for a wide range of relative $q\bar{q}$-momenta and the dynamical impact of color confinement on the quark motion is shown.Comment: 12 pages plus 5 figure

The Classical Relativistic Quark Model in the Rest-Frame Wigner-Covariant Coulomb Gauge

The system of N scalar particles with Grassmann-valued color charges plus the color SU(3) Yang-Mills field is reformulated on spacelike hypersurfaces. The Dirac observables are found and the physical invariant mass of the system in the Wigner-covariant rest-frame instant form of dynamics (covariant Coulomb gauge) is given. From the reduced Hamilton equations we extract the second order equations of motion both for the reduced transverse color field and the particles. Then, we study this relativistic scalar quark model, deduced from the classical QCD Lagrangian and with the color field present, in the N=2 (meson) case. A special form of the requirement of having only color singlets, suited for a field-independent quark model, produces a ``pseudoclassical asymptotic freedom" and a regularization of the quark self-energy.Comment: 81 pages, RevTe

The AllWISE Motion Survey, Part 2

We use the AllWISE Data Release to continue our search for WISE-detected motions. In this paper, we publish another 27,846 motion objects, bringing the total number to 48,000 when objects found during our original AllWISE motion survey are included. We use this list, along with the lists of confirmed WISE-based motion objects from the recent papers by Luhman and by Schneider et al. and candidate motion objects from the recent paper by Gagne et al. to search for widely separated, common-proper-motion systems. We identify 1,039 such candidate systems. All 48,000 objects are further analyzed using color-color and color-mag plots to provide possible characterizations prior to spectroscopic follow-up. We present spectra of 172 of these, supplemented with new spectra of 23 comparison objects from the literature, and provide classifications and physical interpretations of interesting sources. Highlights include: (1) the identification of three G/K dwarfs that can be used as standard candles to study clumpiness and grain size in nearby molecular clouds because these objects are currently moving behind the clouds, (2) the confirmation/discovery of several M, L, and T dwarfs and one white dwarf whose spectrophotometric distance estimates place them 5-20 pc from the Sun, (3) the suggestion that the Na 'D' line be used as a diagnostic tool for interpreting and classifying metal-poor late-M and L dwarfs, (4) the recognition of a triple system including a carbon dwarf and late-M subdwarf, for which model fits of the late-M subdwarf (giving [Fe/H] ~ -1.0) provide a measured metallicity for the carbon star, and (5) a possible 24-pc-distant K5 dwarf + peculiar red L5 system with an apparent physical separation of 0.1 pc.Comment: 62 pages with 80 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 23 Mar 2016; second version fixes a few small typos and corrects the footnotes for Table

How we see

The visual world is imaged on the retinas of our eyes. However, "seeing"' is not a result of neural functions within the eyes but rather a result of what the brain does with those images. Our visual perceptions are produced by parts of the cerebral cortex dedicated to vision. Although our visual awareness appears unitary, different parts of the cortex analyze color, shape, motion, and depth information. There are also special mechanisms for visual attention, spatial awareness, and the control of actions under visual guidance. Often lesions from stroke or other neurological diseases will impair one of these subsystems, leading to unusual deficits such as the inability to recognize faces, the loss of awareness of half of visual space, or the inability to see motion or color

Chromaticity of Gravitational Microlensing Events

In this paper, we investigate the color changes of gravitational microlensing events caused by the two different mechanisms of differential amplification for a limb-darkened extended source and blending. From this investigation, we find that the color changes of limb-darkened extended source events (color curves) have dramatically different characteristics depending on whether the lens transits the source star or not. We show that for a source transit event, the lens proper motion can be determined by simply measuring the turning time of the color curve instead of fitting the overall color or light curves. We also find that even for a very small fraction of blended light, the color changes induced by the blending effect is equivalent to those caused by the limb-darkening effect, causing serious distortion in the observed color curve. Therefore, to obtain useful information about the lens and source star from the color curve of a limb-darkened extended source event, it will be essential to eliminate or correct for the blending effect. We discuss about the methods for the efficient correction of the blending effect.Comment: total 18 pages, including 5 figures and no table, MNRAS, submitte

Color Updating on the Apparent Motion Path

When a static stimulus appears successively at two distant locations, we perceive illusory motion of the stimulus across them–long-range apparent motion (AM). Previous studies have shown that when the apparent motion stimuli differ in shape, interpolation between the two shapes is perceived across the AM path. In contrast, the perceived color during AM has been shown to abruptly change from the color of the first stimulus into that of the second, suggesting interpolation does not occur for color during AM. Here, we report the first evidence to our knowledge, that an interpolated color, distinct from the colors of either apparent motion stimulus, is represented as the intermediate percept on the path of apparent motion. Using carefully chosen target colors—cyan, pink, and lime—that are perceptually and neurally intermediate between blue and green, orange and magenta, and green and orange respectively, we show that detection of a target presented on the apparent motion path was impaired when the color of the target was “in-between” the initial and terminal stimulus colors. Furthermore, we show that this feature-specific masking effect for the intermediate color cannot be accounted for by color similarity between the intermediate color and the color of the terminal inducer. Our findings demonstrate that intermediate colors can be interpolated over the apparent motion trajectory as in the case of shape, possibly involving similar interpolation processes for shape and color during apparent motion

Proper Motions of Faint UV-Bright Sources in the Sandage Two-color Survey of the Galactic Plane

Proper motions with values >10 mas/yr or <-10 mas/yr have been extracted from the USNO-B1.0 and Tycho II catalogues for all Lanning UV-bright sources identified in the Sandage Two-color Survey of the Galactic Plane and presented in Papers I-VI. Of the 572 sources examined, we find at least 213 which exhibit a significantly large proper motion. Based on the location of the sources in a reduced proper motion diagram, we demonstrate that about two thirds of the high proper motion sources are likely or very likely to be heretofore unidentified white dwarfs.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacifi