Motion

This article is about orientation in the conceptual construction and exploration of the world. Orientations that fail to include a satisfactory definition of self as a vital component in ideas of explanation, compulsively leaning towards excessive analytical description(partism)) and resulting in increased numbers of empirically found exceptions to theoretical ideas, also fail to include adequate notions of motion and change. In the science of cognition a three part picture usually results, rather than a two component one in which the extraneous component functions as a compensation from the initial vagueness in ideas. Though this can seem to be a reasonable approach, to proceed from vagueness, to conjecture, empirical test/comparison, a false order in all components of a final theory will continuously result, and ultimately, in one to one correspondence, equate with a separate topic and not with the original. A compulsive and strict adherence to common sense, though not seeming to supply adequate explanation and strained for lingual description/expression, is the only possible route to adequate explanation. In cognition, the perennial stumbling is always at the division between the ethereal and the tangible. It is such an inhibitory obstacle, that in the construction of ideas, language falters to result in the continual construction of new words to “describe” rather than to connect. Though I believe “describe” is also the real ultimate goal, a real connection is never established

TEACHING SCIENCE COMMUNICATION TO SCIENCE STUDENTS

The skills required to effectively communicate disciplinary science knowledge to public audiences are not explicitly taught as part of all undergraduate science degrees, and yet the importance of clear and effective science communication has arguably never been greater. This workshop will provide foundational strategies and techniques to support science educators to teach effective and engaging science communication to undergraduate and postgraduate students. It will highlight perspectives from practice, research and teaching to provide a framework for science educators who wish to incorporate science communication activities or assessments as part of their regular courses or to develop dedicated science communication courses

Turning marketing promises into business value: The experience of an industrial SME

The article studies the value that businesses should have for their customers and shareholders. It explains how to develop such value to meet or exceed customer's expectations through the application of the promise framework. The promise model includes promises made to customers, promises kept, and promises that involve a synchronized effort from the whole firm to create and deliver value to customers

What Happens Next?

No abstract available

Pore water chemistry and early diagenesis in sediments of Lake Rotorua, New Zealand

To gain an understanding of the transfer of nutrients and trace elements from sediment pore waters to surface waters of eutrophic Lake Rotorua and the early diagenetic processes controlling the transfer, pore water chemistry in the sediments of Lake Rotorua was investigated over a one year period in 2006 by collection of sediment cores on three occasions and deployment of pore water equilibrators on two occasions. Pore water concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+, S, PO4, NH4, As, Cd, and Pb were analysed. Phosphate and ammonium fluxes to the water column from the sediments were calculated from measured concentration gradients by Fick's law of diffusion. Gas present in the sediments was analysed for composition, and source, and its ebullition rate measured. Anaerobic oxidation of organic matter is indicated by negative Eh values. Sulfate reduction was indicated near the sediment-water interface and releases of Fe2+, Mn2+, PO4 and NH4 into the pore water from particulate material were associated with the reducing conditions. Peaks in concentration of nutrients and elements occurred at the sediment surface over summer and deeper in the pore water profile over the cooler months of May and September. Sampling with peepers at fine scales immediately above the sediment-water interface indicated the presence of a nepheloid layer where elements are actively being recycled. Sulfate reduction appears to occur in the layer above the sediment-water interface, indicating that dissolved oxygen has already been reduced. Phosphorus is possibly being removed by iron and manganese oxide/hydroxide precipitation 5 to 15 cm above the sediment-water interface. Pore water saturation calculations indicate that sulfides may be controlling concentrations of iron and possibly other metals in the pore water by formation of pyrite in the zone of sulfate reduction. Below the zone of sulfate reduction, siderite and vivianite may be precipitating and acting as an additional sink for iron and phosphorus. ii Nutrient release rates based on Fick's law of diffusion indicated 430 tonnes of dissolved phosphorus and 1150 tonnes of ammonium were released to Lake Rotorua's water column in 2006, suggesting nutrient release from the sediments is the dominant flux of nutrients to the water column of Lake Rotorua. Methanogenesis, from acetate fermentation, occurs below the zone of sulfate reduction, where it becomes the dominant process in organic matter degradation. Ebullition of gas was measured at 126 ml m-2 d-1 and this gas was comprised dominantly of methane. Possible remediation techniques that could reduce the internal load of nutrients released from the lake sediments include sediment removal by dredging or capping the sediments with an adsorbent or sealing layer. Capping the sediments could be compromised by ebullition of gas that would disrupt the capped layer, opening up pathways that allow more readily for exchange between pore water nutrients and the water column. Dredging is likely to stimulate the ebullition of most of the trapped gas and result in a rapid efflux of much of the nutrient rich pore water into the lake, however dredging the top 10 to 20 cm of the sediments may partially reduce phosphorus in the pore waters but would not substantially reduce ammonium and fluxes would remain similar to current levels. Improving redox conditions in the sediments could reduce pyrite formation improving phosphorus binding with iron

Nuclear processes associated with plant immunity and pathogen susceptibility

Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved exquisite and sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to their biotic and abiotic environment. Plants deploy receptors and vast signalling networks to detect, transmit and respond to a given biotic threat by inducing properly dosed defence responses. Genetic analyses and, more recently, next-generation -omics approaches have allowed unprecedented insights into the mechanisms that drive immunity. Similarly, functional genomics and the emergence of pathogen genomes have allowed reciprocal studies on the mechanisms governing pathogen virulence and host susceptibility, collectively allowing more comprehensive views on the processes that govern disease and resistance. Among others, the identification of secreted pathogen molecules (effectors) that modify immunity-associated processes has changed the plant–microbe interactions conceptual landscape. Effectors are now considered both important factors facilitating disease and novel probes, suited to study immunity in plants. In this review, we will describe the various mechanisms and processes that take place in the nucleus and help regulate immune responses in plants. Based on the premise that any process required for immunity could be targeted by pathogen effectors, we highlight and describe a number of functional assays that should help determine effector functions and their impact on immune-related processes. The identification of new effector functions that modify nuclear processes will help dissect nuclear signalling further and assist us in our bid to bolster immunity in crop plants

LESSONS FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION FROM MUSEOLOGY

Science communication has much in common with museology. By looking at what each field is trying to achieve rather than its main focus, common goals start to emerge such as fostering communities, raising literacy and encouraging the sharing and creating of knowledge. When teaching science students to communicate their discipline, it is of paramount importance to instil the importance of ethical science communication. This is a growing area of the field that has much to learn from museology, a discipline that has long strived to meet a strong ethical and moral function (Medvecky & Leach, 2019). In this talk I will explain this foundational idea of my PhD, based on previous research and experience as a science communicator within a museum. As science communicators, we can use the framework sitting within museums to support our practice and work out how to have social impact, as well as educational impact. We can understand more about how to shift behaviours and attitudes towards science through our communication efforts, contributing to a more engaged and scientifically literate community. This will help build a foundation for educators to imbed ethical and actionable science communication skills in students

SHARING SCIENCE THROUGH FREE AND OPEN ELECTRONIC LABORATORY NOTEBOOKS – A GITHUB CASESTUDY

Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELN) are widely used in industry due to the many advantages offered including version-control, security and shareability. For over five years, through the Breaking Good Initiative (https://www.breakinggoodproject.com), we have been working with high school students and undergraduates across three continents and involving young people in a crowdsourced citizen science project where they make molecules that matter. One of the key challenges for the project has been finding a single appropriate platform that enables students to both share results and data, and talk to members of the open source community. For years we successfully used the open source LabTrove platform for research and crowdsourced projects (Badiola et al., 2014) and have used LabArchives for several years within our teaching and research at the University of Sydney. We now report our experiences using GitHub, a web-based platform originally developed for coders that enables version control (https://github.com). In this talk we will describe the use of GitHub as an open ELN and discussion platform that enables researchers, students and citizen scientists to collaborate in real time, and discuss how this platform can be used as a tool to enhance the learning experience for students in both formal and informal settings. REFERENCES Badiola, K.A., Bird, C., Brocklesby, W.S., Casson, J., Chapman, R.T., Coles, S.J., Cronshaw, J.R., Fisher, A., Grey, J.G., Gloria, D., Grossel, M.C., Hibbert, D.B., Knight, N., Mapp, L.K., Marazzi, L., Matthews, B., Milsted, A., Minns, R.S., Mueller, K.T., Murphey, K., Parkinson, T., Quinnell, R., Robinson, J.S., Robertson, M.N., Robins, M., Springate, E., Tizzard, G., Tood M.H., Williamson, A.E., Willoughby, C., Yang, E., & Yliojia, P.M. (2014). Experiences with a researcher-centric ELN. Chemical Science, 2015(6), 1614-1629

Integrated region- and pixel-based approach to background modelling

In this paper a new probabilistic method for background modelling is proposed, aimed at the application in video surveillance tasks using a monitoring static camera. Recently, methods employing Time-Adaptive, Per Pixel, Mixture of Gaussians (TAPPMOG) modelling have become popular due to their intrinsic appealing properties. Nevertheless, they are not able per se to monitor global changes in the scene, because they model the background as a set of independent pixel processes. In this paper, we propose to integrate this kind of pixel-based information with higher level region-based information, that permits to manage also sudden changes of the background. These pixel- and regionbased modules are naturally and effectively embedded in a probabilistic Bayesian framework called particle filtering, that allows a multi-object tracking. Experimental comparison with a classic pixel-based approach reveals that the proposed method is really effective in recovering from situations of sudden global illumination changes of the background, as well as limited non-uniform changes of the scene illumination.

A Praxis framework for implementing market orientation into charities

There is a scarcity of research regarding the process of introducing market orientation into the not-for-profit sector. Understanding this process would greatly assist the not-for-profit sector, which is under increasing pressure to obtain funds to operate and offer appropriate services. In this article, we examine the successful introduction of market orientation into three Australian charities and identify the stages of implementation. The introduction of market orientation is analyzed from a discourse transformation perspective and a praxis framework is developed. This is amongst the first studies examining the transition to a market orientation discourse within charity organizations and the first study to develop a praxis framework to guide managers. The study also pioneers a discourse transformation perspective in market orientation research. The article thus extends our knowledge of market orientation within the not-for-profit sector and increases understanding of practitioner engagement in marketing activities