Karakteristik Balok Laminasi Dari Batang Kelapa (Cocos Nucifera L.) Dan Kayu Kemiri (Aleurites Moluccana Wild.) (Characteristics of Glued Laminated Beams of Coconut Trunk (Cocos Nucifera L.) and Candlenut Wood (Aleurites Moluccana Wild.)

The Utilizing forest as source of wood raw materials is tend to increase, while the supply of wood is limited. As a result it can influenced the sustainable of ecosystem and the forest condition it self. The main objective of this was to find out the substitution of construction board (lumber and plywood). This research concerned to using coconut trunk and kemiri wood as alternative raw material in producing glued laminated beams. It is needed by industrial sector as a raw material because wood has been limited and it may solve environmental problem. In this research, the treatment is number of layer on glued laminated beam (3 layer, 5 layer, and 7 layer). Coconut trunks were used as outer layers and kemiri wood was used as midle layer and bonded by Isocyanate and PVAc by different ratio of 100:15. Evaluation on physical and mechanical properties were measured based on ASTM D 198-05. The results showed: 1). The value of density of gluelam were in the range 0,63–0,68 g/cm3 2). The value of moisture content were in the range 14,14-14,37 % 3). The value of water absorption for 2 and 24 hours were in the range 8,61- 8,74 % and 21,09-21,29 % 4). The value of thickness swelling for 2 and 24 hours were in the range 0,79-0,80 % and 1,57-,59 % 5). Modulus of elasticity (MOE) value were in the range 7519,63-18358,40 kgf/cm2 6). Modulus of rupture (MOR) value were in the range 180,34-364,04 kgf/cm2 7). Internal bond (IB)value were in the range 2,48-3,95 kgf. Layers of glued laminated beams are not significantly influence the value of physical and mechanical properties, except the value of MOR. The best result achieved in this research is the beam prepared from 3 layers

Pengaruh Kelembaban Adherend Pada Durabilitas Perbaikan Komposit

In this paper, the effect of moisture on the durability of composite repair is investigated using fracture mechanics approach. The specimens of double cantilever beam were made from two composites adherend (fiberglass/unsaturated polyester) bonded by epoxy adhesives. The adherend were immersed in the distillate water to gain moisture and then dried in different drying conditions at room temperature (RT) for 12 hours followed by 100 oC for 15 minutes, 50 oC for 5 hours and 100 oC for 2.5 hours. The spesimen was wedged tested in both dry and wet condition in room temperature. The results show that the lower moisture about 2.8%wt according to drying temperature 100 oC give the better durability followed by drying temperature of 50 oC and room temperature. The indication is shown by stable crack growth at higher fracture energy and also by low crack speed at higher fracture energy. Whereas, for wet testing, the better result is reached by drying temperature of 50 oC (moisture contents of 4,4 %wt) and for dry temperature of 100 oC give the worst result. The contradiction suggested that drying temperature for adherend of composite repair should not higher than 100 oC

Kualitas Papan Partikel Batang Pisang Barangan Berdasarkan Variasi Kadar Perekat Phenol Formaldehida

Banana stem is one of alternative materials for particleboard manufacturing. Utilization of banana stems for particleboard can reduce the wood demand for industrial particleboard. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of resin level PF to physical and mechanical properties particleboard made from banana stems and to determine of the optimum resin level from particleboard. Varied concentration of PF resin as binder consist of 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, and 16%. Size thickness and density target of particleboard were 25 x 25 cm2 x 1 cm and 0,70 gr/cm3 respectively. The result showed that, over all for physical properties density and moisture content had fulfill JIS A 5908 (2003). Banana stem particleboards had low dimensional stability. Trend of water absorption and thickness swelling showed that the increasing of resin level resulted of decreasing water absorption and thickness swelling parameter. For mechanical properties, MOE and IB for resin level 16% had fulfill standard. In generally, the high resin level caused improvement mechanical properties of particleboard

Uji Coba Penggunaan Sabut Kelapa sebagai Papan Serat

Perkembangan konstruksi yang sangat pesat, namun harga material bangunan juga semakin mahal, sehingga diperlukan material alternatif yang murah dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi seperti sabut kelapa sebagai bahan untuk membuat papan serat semen. Papan serat semen adalah papan tiruan yang menggunakan semen sebagai perekatnya sedangkan bahan bakunya berupa serat-serat. Papan serat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari semen, sabut kelapa dan air dengan variasi 25%,50%,75% terhadap berat semen. Pengujian dilakukan setelah papan serat berusia 28 hari. Adapun jenis pengujiannya terdiri dari; Pengujian kuat tarik sabut kelapa, penyerapan air kerapatan, kadar air, pemuaian dan pengembangan tebal serta Keteguhan Lentur Modulus Patah (KLMP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa papan serat tergolong dalam papan serat proses basah dengan kuat tarik sabut kelapa rata-rata 17.20 kg/cm2, termasuk papan serat tipe 1 20, jenis PSKT ( Papan Serat Kerapatan Tinggi) dan tidak terjadi pemuaian pada papan sehingga layak digunakan sebagai bahan konstruksi. Kata Kunci : Papan Serat, Kuat Tarik Sabut Kelapa, Penyerapan Air, Kerapatan, Keteguhan Lentur Modulus Pata

Sifat Papan Partikel Dari Kulit Pohon Galam (Melaleuca Leucadendra) Dengan Perekat Urea Formaldehida

Kayu galam (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk bahan bangunan, arang, dan kayu bakar. Saat ini, limbah kulit kayu galam belum dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, ditumpuk, atau dibakar. Kulit kayu gelam ini berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan papan partikel. Tulisan ini mempelajari sifat-sifat papan partikel dari kulit kayu galam. Kulit kayu galam dengan potongan 2 x 4 x 6 cm dibuat papan partikel dengan perekat Urea Formaldehida (UF) dengan tiga variasi besaran yaitu 11%, 13%, dan 15% dari berat bahan. Campuran kulit kayu galam dan perekat UF ditekan secara hidrolik pada suhu 110 - 1200C dengan tekanan 15 kg/cm2 selama 15 menit sebelum dikeringanginkan. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 03-2105-2006. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air papan partikel antara 9,50 - 12,30%, dan pengembangan tebal antara 2 - 11,35%. Kerapatan papan partikel antara 0,68 - 0,77 g/cm3, keteguhan lentur 2041,98 - 11210,91 kg/cm2, keteguhan patah antara 40,49 -104,23 kg/cm2, keteguhan cabut sekrup 44 - 84 kg, dan keteguhan rekat internal antara 0,27 - 0,65 kg/cm2. Berdasarkan sifat mekanisnya, papan partikel yang terbuat dari kulit galam dengan 15% perekat UF memenuhi persyaratan produk papan partikel SNI.03-2105-2006

Pemanfaatan Batang Pisang (Musa SP.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Papan Serat Dengan Perlakuan Termo-mekanis

Limbah pertanian merupakan salah satu bahan penghasil serat yang berpotensi sebagai penggantikayu. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi batang pisang sebagai bahan baku papan seratmelalui sifat fisis dan mekanis papan serat. Pemisahan serat dilakukan dengan perlakuan termo-mekanispada suhu 60C, 80C dan 100C, dan penambahan perekat 4% dan 0% dari berat kering tanur serat.Pembentukan lembaran dengan proses basah, dilanjutkan dengan kempa hidrolik kemudian kempapanas pada suhu 185C, tekanan 50 kg/cm selama10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemenpulp 35,76% dimana sifat fisis dan mekanis papan serat memenuhi standar FAO 1966 dan JIS A 5908-2003 kecuali penyerapan airnya yang sangat tinggi. Penambahan perekat 4% tidak memberikanpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kualitas papan serat. Perlakuan suhu perebusan serpih,memberikan pengaruh nyata, dimana semakin tinggi suhu kualitas papan semakin baik. Kualitas papanserat terbaik didapatkan dari perlakuan suhu perebusan serpih 100C

Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Pada Komposit Polyester Serat Batang Pisang Yang Disusun Asimetri [ 45o / -30o / 45o / -30o ]

The aim of this study was to describe the tensile strength, bending strength and fracture macro photo on banana stem fiber polyester composites prepared asymmetry [45o / -30o / 45o / -30o] to change teperature test on tensile test and bending test. The initial process of making composites are making fibers from banana trees followed by immersion for 2 hours using a chemical solution of kalium pemangante (KMnO4) by 2% per 1 liter of distilled water. Drying under the sun to dry continued with the process of oven for 1 hour at a constant temperature of 35oC until the moisture content of 10%. Then the fibers are arranged at an angle of orientation of asymmetry [45o / -30o / 45o / -30o] using paper prints, be continued with the provision of the resin was conducted using hand lay-up on the glass mold that has been measured in accordance with the standards. The resin used is a thermosetting resin types, namely polyester BQTN series 157 with increasing catalyst (hardener) as much as 1% of the volume of resin. Tensile test using the ASTM D 3039 standard while bending tests using standard ASTM D 7264 with a variation of room temperature, test temperature of 35oC, 45oC and 55oC. Results of tensile test can be concluded that the tensile strength at room temperature is 11.530 N / mm2, the temperature variation of the tensile test, the greater the given temperature tensile strength will increasingly come down from 15.520 N / mm2 at a temperature test 35oC be 9.502 N / mm2 at temperatures 55oC test. While the test results of bending can be concluded that the bending strength at room temperature is 0.151 N / mm2, the temperature variation of bending test, the higher the temperature of a given strength of bending will experience kenakian of 0,339 N / mm2 at a temperature test 35oC be 6.215 N / mm2 at temperatures test 55oC

Karakteristik Kayu Lapis dari Bahan Baku Kayu Karet (Hevea Braziliensis Muell. Arg) Berdasarkan Umur Pohon

Product testing made reference to Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-5008.2-1999 Plywood for Structural. Physical properties of plywood includeswater level of plywood withtree ages 20 yearswith average 14,43% ranged from 14,12% until14,67% andfor plywoodwith tree ages 25 yearswith average 14,60% ranged from 14,31% until 14,91%. Plywood densitywith tree ages 20 yearswith average 0,63 g/cm3ranged from 0,62 g/cm3until 0,64 g/cm3and for plywoodwith tree ages 25 years with average 0,65 g/cm3ranged from 0,63 g/cm3until 0,66 g/cm3. Firmness an adhesive plywood withtree ages 20 yearswith average 9,25 kg/cm2ranged from 9,15 kg/cm2until 9,36 kg/cm2and for plywoodwith tree ages 25 yearswith average 9,98 kg/cm2ranged from 9,60 kg/cm2until 10,23 kg/cm2. Mechanical properties of plywood includesfirmness broken (Modulus of Rupture) ofplywood withtree ages 20 years with average 19,32 kg/cm2ranged from 18,00 kg/cm2 until 20,70 kg/cm2 and for plywoodwith tree ages 25 yearswith average 21,40 kg/cm2ranged from 18,72 kg/cm2 until 23,34 kg/cm2. Constancy of an arched (Modulus of Elasticity) plywoodwith tree ages 20 years with average 19,35 kg/cm2ranged from 18,11 kg/cm2until 20,65 kg/cm2and for plywoodwith tree ages 25 years with average 21,38 kg/cm2ranged from 18,70 kg/cm2until 23,33 kg/cm2

Pengaruh Kadar Perekat Terhadap Sifat Papan Partikel Ampas Tebu

Papan partikel adalah salah satu jenis produk kayu rekonstitusi, pembuatannya masih bertumpu pada bahan kayu konvensional dari hutan alam, yang keberadaanya telah terbatas dan langka. Sebagai akibatnya, penggunaan kayu alternatif atau bahan berserat ligno-selulosa lain patut mendapat pertimbangan, karena potensinya melimpah dan masih belum banyak digunakan, seperti ampas tebu (bagasse) limbah pabrik gula. Penelitan pembuatan papan partikel menggunakan partikel ampas tebu dengan perekat urea-formaldehida (UF) bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar perekat terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis dari papan partikel yang dihasilkan. Ukuran papan partikel yang dibuat adalah 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm dengan target kerapatan 0,60 g/cm3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar UF berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan tebal, penyerapan air, dan meningkatkan modulus patah, modulus elastisitas dan kuat cabut sekrup, tetapi tidak mengakibatkan Perubahan terhadap kerapatan, kadar air dan keteguhan rekat. Kadar air dan modulus patah papan partikel yang memenuhi standar Indonesia, standar Jepang dan standar FAO baik secara parsial atau keseluruhan. Berdasarkan nilai kerapatan, papan partikel hasil percobaan ini lebih cocok untuk digunakan sebagai penyekat ruangan dan daun meja berangka. Papan partikel yang berprospek adalah yang menggunakan perekat UF kadar 8%. Kata kunci : Papan partikel, ampas tebu, perekat UF, sifat fisis dan mekanis, standa