Classification using Redundant Mapping in Modular Neural Networks

Abstract Classification is a major problem of study that involves formulation of decision boundaries based o

Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by Modular Evolutionary Neural Networks

Abstract Machine learning and pattern recognition play a vital role in the field of biomedical engineering, where the task is to identify or classify a disease based on a set of observations. The inability of a single method to effectively solve the problem gives rise to the use multiple models for solving the same problem in a 'Mixture of Experts' mode. Further the data may be too large for any system to effectively solve the problem. This motivates the use of computational modularity in the system where a number of modules independently solve part of the problem. In this paper we construct a Mixture of Experts model where a number of different techniques are applied to solve the same problem. The individual decision by each of these experts is fused by an integrator that gives the final output. Each of the units is a complex modular neural network. The first modularity clusters the entire input space into a set of modules. The second modularity divides the number of attributes. Each cluster is a neural network that solves the problem. The individual neural networks are evolved using Genetic Algorithms which optimizes both the architecture and the parameters. The complete system is used for the diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms the traditional simple and hybrid approaches. The system on the whole is highly scalable to both number of attributes and data items

Anomalous behaviour detection using heterogeneous data

Anomaly detection is one of the most important methods to process and find abnormal data, as this method can distinguish between normal and abnormal behaviour. Anomaly detection has been applied in many areas such as the medical sector, fraud detection in finance, fault detection in machines, intrusion detection in networks, surveillance systems for security, as well as forensic investigations. Abnormal behaviour can give information or answer questions when an investigator is performing an investigation. Anomaly detection is one way to simplify big data by focusing on data that have been grouped or clustered by the anomaly detection method. Forensic data usually consists of heterogeneous data which have several data forms or types such as qualitative or quantitative, structured or unstructured, and primary or secondary. For example, when a crime takes place, the evidence can be in the form of various types of data. The combination of all the data types can produce rich information insights. Nowadays, data has become ‘big’ because it is generated every second of every day and processing has become time-consuming and tedious. Therefore, in this study, a new method to detect abnormal behaviour is proposed using heterogeneous data and combining the data using data fusion technique. Vast challenge data and image data are applied to demonstrate the heterogeneous data. The first contribution in this study is applying the heterogeneous data to detect an anomaly. The recently introduced anomaly detection technique which is known as Empirical Data Analytics (EDA) is applied to detect the abnormal behaviour based on the data sets. Standardised eccentricity (a newly introduced within EDA measure offering a new simplified form of the well-known Chebyshev Inequality) can be applied to any data distribution. Then, the second contribution is applying image data. The image data is processed using pre-trained deep learning network, and classification is done using a support vector machine (SVM). After that, the last contribution is combining anomaly result from heterogeneous data and image recognition using new data fusion technique. There are five types of data with three different modalities and different dimensionalities. The data cannot be simply combined and integrated. Therefore, the new data fusion technique first analyses the abnormality in each data type separately and determines the degree of suspicious between 0 and 1 and sums up all the degrees of suspicion data afterwards. This method is not intended to be a fully automatic system that resolves investigations, which would likely be unacceptable in any case. The aim is rather to simplify the role of the humans so that they can focus on a small number of cases to be looked in more detail. The proposed approach does simplify the processing of such huge amounts of data. Later, this method can assist human experts in their investigations and making final decisions