Mobilnost i socio-prostorno restrukturiranje

U ovom radu autor nastoji mobilnost u suvremenom društvu, kao sve značajnije njegovo obilježje, dovesti u veza sa “fluidizacijom” struktura, a odatle sa socioprostornim restrukturiranjem. S tim u vezi se ispituju neki teorijski uvidi kojima se nastoje misaono zahvatiti suvremeni globalni procesi, koji, prema tim uvidima, ostaju (a uslijed “metodološkog nacionalizma”) izvan vidokruga dosadašnjem sociološkom instrumentariju. Pretpostavka je da suvremena fleksibilna akumulacije kapitala stalno, u svojoj reprodukciji (a u svijetu u kome fizička bliskost nužno ne indicira na povezanost među ljudima) revalorizira raspoložive resurse, time povećava mobilnost, restrukturira zatečene socioprostorne entitete, generira destabilizaciju, privremenost, povremenost, a naspram stabilnosti, trajnosti i stalnosti. Postsocijalistička društva su, dakle i hrvatsko društvo, uslijed radikalne promjene u načinu valorizacije resursa (od socijalističkog planiranja do kapitalističkog tržišta) posebno snažno izložena ovom obliku restrukturiranja. Isključeni iz ovog načina reprodukcije, iz njegovih tokova i mreža, ostaju (kao pojedinci, grupe ili kolektivi) na periferiji, zatvoreni u svoju lokalnost, a uključeni, sa svijetom dijele njegove nemire. S povećanjima sposobnosti bivanja pokretnim smanjuju se mogućnosti isključivanja. (IN ENGLISH: In this paper the author aims to bring together the mobility of contemporary society (its increasingly relevant characteristic) and the “fluidity” of structures and thus socio-spatial restructuring. Some theoretical insights into contemporary global processes are examined; these processes remain (because of “methodological nationalism”) outside the scope of present day sociology devices. It is assumed that the flexible contemporary accumulation of capital constantly evaluates available resources for its reproduction (in the world where physical proximity does not indicate closeness among people). This results in the increased mobility and restructuring of old socio-spatial entities. It generates instability, temporariness and irregularity as opposed to stability, permanence and regularity. Postsocialist societies, the Croatian society among them, are particularly prone to this kind of restructuring because of radical changes in the evaluation of resources (from the socialist planned economy to the capitalist market). Not included in this type of reproduction, its currents and networking, these societies (their individuals, groups or collectives) remain on the periphery, isolated in their locality; included, they share the troubles with the rest of the world. More mobility, less isolation.

Mobilnost u kartografiji: jučer, danas i sutra

Mobilnost se u kartografiji oduvijek povezivala s nosiocima kartografskih prikaza. U radu se mobilnost danas povezuje s malim mobilnim uređajima (dlanovnicima). Opisane su dobre i loše strane današnjih dlanovnika. Dan je pregled njihovog razvoja u bliskoj i daljoj budućnosti, pri čemu se izbor sastojao samo od prijedloga medija nosioca za pohranu i kartografski prikaz, s pretpostavkom da će prikazi biti u budućnosti realistični modeli realnog prostora koji želimo percipirati

Social Capital and Space

Rad razmatra prostorne aspekte socijalnog kapitala. U prvom delu rada razmatramo kako se prostor shvata u ključnim teorijama socijalnog kapitala. Uključene su tri grupe teorija o socijalnom kapitalu: ključni autori (Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam), ekonomske/razvojne teorije i mrežne teorije. Analiza pokazuje da autori u različitoj meri shvataju prostor u zavisnosti od svojih teorijskih pristupa socijalnom kapitalu. Drugi deo rada je produbljena komparativna analiza dinamike socijalnog kapitala u teoriji, istraživanjima i javnoj politici. Glavni cilj ovog dela rada je da razumevanje tri prostorne dimenzije socijalnog kapitala: prostorni okvir, prostorna distanca i mobilnost aktera. Istraživanja pokazuju da prostorne determinante ne utiču isto na sve socijalne aktere i da su neki tipovi socijalnog kapitala više podložni efektima prostornih dimenzija. Posebno poglavlje je posvećeno socijalnom kapitalu i prostoru u javnoj politici. Programi javne politike su manifestacija dugotrajne političke tendencije stvaranja željenih formi društvenosti preinačavanjem prostornih determinanti. U javnopolitičkim programima socijalnog urbanizma dominira model lokalne zajednice koja predstavlja optimalni okvir za razvoj socijalnog kapitala.The paper explores the spatial aspects of social capital. In the first part of the paper we provide an overview of the space dimension in relevant theories of social capital. Three approaches to social capital are included: key theories (Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam), economic/ development theories and network theories. Differences among the authors with regard to spatial dimensions are based on different conceptualizations of social capital. The second part of the paper is an in-depth comparative analysis of spatial dynamics of social capital in theory, research and public policy. The main goal of this part of the paper is to examine three spatial dimensions of social capital: spatial framework, space distance and mobility of social agents. The research-based results indicate that space does not have the same effect on different social agents and that some types of social capital are more determined by space dimensions. The last chapter focuses on the public policy conceptualizion of social capital and space. The space-based manipulation of social capital in public policy reflects the long-lasting political tendency to modify sociability through the manipulation of spatial factors. The programs of social urbanism are based on the local community as the optimal spatial framework for social capital development

Dynamics of migration and commuting to the urban centres of\ud Slovenia, 2000-2011\ud

In this paper, the dynamics of migration and\ud commuting into the urban centres of Slovenia\ud in 2000–2011 is presented. The influence of the\ud attractiveness of urban centres, the influence of the\ud emissiveness of migration and commuting flows in\ud the origin and the influence of the distance between\ud origins and destinations on migration and commuting\ud flows into the urban centres in Slovenia were analysed\ud in a spatial interaction model. The dynamics of\ud the parameters were analysed for the period before\ud (2000-2007) and in the economic crisis (2008-2011).\ud According the Spatial Development Strategy of\ud Slovenia, the urban centres of Slovenia were considered\ud at four levels: national urban centres of international\ud importance, urban centres of national significance,\ud urban centres of inter-regional significance and urban\ud centres of inter-municipal significance

Impact of the recession on the attractiveness of urban and rural areas of Slovenia

In this paper, we analyse and present the findings regarding\ud the impact of the recession that began in 2008 in Slovenia\ud on the attractiveness of predominantly urban, intermediate\ud and predominantly rural areas of Slovenia. We tested some\ud hypotheses regarding the impact of the recession on the\ud attractiveness of analysed areas to both internal migration\ud and commuting flows between the municipalities of\ud Slovenia. To this end, an adjusted spatial interaction\ud model was developed by evaluating standardized regression\ud coefficients. We analysed the impacts of population size,\ud distance, employment, gross personal income, municipality\ud revenue per capita, the average price per square metre\ud of apartments and houses, and age structure in the\ud municipality pertaining to the decision to migrate or\ud commute to the analysed areas. The impact of the recession\ud was analysed by comparing the estimations of standardized\ud regression coefficients before the recession (2007) and during\ud the recession (2011)

Review of functional regions in selected countries

In this article, a review of functional regions by selected countries is presented. For this purpose, the basic concepts of definition and delimitation of functional regions are presented, followed by a presentation of functional regions in the fifteen selected countries in European Union: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy Hungary Germany Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Great Britain, as well as in Switzerland, Canada and United States of America. At the end, a short review of definition and delimitation of functional regions in Slovenia is presented from the international perspective

Prostorna mobilnost i procesi deteritorijalizacije i fleksibilizacije društvenog života

U tekstu se nastoji prostornu mobilnost problematizirati u kontekstu suvremene fleksibilne organizacije društvenog života. Nastoji se pokazati da je ekonomija mobilnosti složen i višeznačan proces u kome migracije ne potječu iz ekonomske nerazvijenosti (kao takve) već iz samog (destabilizirajućeg) razvoja. Također, nastoji se pokazati da migranti, ulazeći u globalne trgovačke, informacijske i proizvodne mreže, učestvuju u (pre)oblikovanju socio-prostornih struktura zemalja, regija ili mjesta – kako onih svoga porijekla tako i onih novog stalnog ili privremenog boravka. Time, oni koji svoju mobilnost zasnivaju na prekograničnim aktivnostima, učestvuju u razgradnji ili relativiziranju ranijeg ekskluziviteta “kontejner društva” kao temeljnog orijentacionog okvira djelovanja. U tekstu se analiziraju raspoloživi podaci o oblicima mobilnosti: unutrašnjim i vanjskim migracijama (koje u novom kontekstu već poprimaju i nove oblike mobilnosti – cirkulaciju, povremenost, privremenost), te raznim vrstama putovanja. Zaključuje se da su suvremeni oblici mobilnosti, kao što su i sami proizvod nestabilnosti, sastavni dio nestabilnosti i fleksibilnosti načina života čovjeka uključenog u tokove “umreženog društva”. Suvremeni oblici prostorne mobilnosti svojom raznolikošću, obimom, brzinom i ustrajnošću proizvode novo društveno i prostorno strukturiranje. Ovo kretanje nudi razne mogućnosti razvoja, budi nove masovne nade, ali i nove strahove – kao što se uvijek događa kada je u pitanje dovedeno ono što je bilo relativno stabilno, poznato i predvidljivo. (IN ENGLISH: This text looks at spatial mobility in the context of today’ s flexible organization of social life. It aims to show that the economy of mobility presents a complex and ambigious process in which migrations are not caused by economic underdevelopment as such, but by destabilized development itself. Also, the idea is to point out the fact that migrants entering global trade, information and production network take part in the (re)shaping of sociospatial structures of the countries, regions or places – those of their origin or those of their new temporary or permanent residence. In this way, migrants whose mobility comprises across the border activities deconstruct or put in a different perspective the former exclusive “container society” as the basic framework of activity. The text examines available data on the types of mobility: internal and external migrations (which in the new context take on new forms of mobility – circulation, irregularity, temporariness) and different forms of travel. The conclusion is that contemporary types of mobility, being themselves a product of instability, present an integral part of the unstable and flexible way of life of the “network society” man.