Reactive GTS Allocation Protocol for Sporadic Events Using the IEEE 802.15.4

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) find applications in the industrial automation where periodic and sporadic events occur. The combined propagation of information generated by periodic and sporadic events from a sensor node to an actuator node is challenging due to random nature of sporadic events, particularly, if the deadlines are hard. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard provides the basis for a real-time communication mechanism between neighboring nodes of the WSN at the media access control layer. However, the standard does not address such communications over multiple hops. To support the industrial applications with such requirements, this work proposes a novel online control protocol that exploits the basis provided by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The proposed control protocol ensures that a given offline sporadic schedule can be adapted online in a timely manner such that the static periodic schedule has not been disturbed and the IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliance remains intact. The proposed protocol is simulated in OPNET. The simulation results are analyzed and presented in this paper to prove the correctness of the proposed protocol regarding the efficient real-time sporadic event delivery along with the periodic event propagation

Development of an internet of things based customer water-meter reading system at Arusha city

Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Embedded and Mobile Systems of the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyWater management is a fundamental factor that helps to make sure that water is available and well utilized. Meter reading process is required by Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (AUWSA) so as to be able to bill the clients according to their water usage. Currently, the process of meter reading is manual which require at the end of each month, meter reading officials from AUWSA have to read all the meters in Arusha, the process which cost AUWSA time and financial resources. The objective of this project was therefore, to develop an IoT based customer water meter system where meter readings can be automated and the readings sent to the cloud. The AUWSA then receives the readings on a weekly basis and can continue with reading verification and billing. The Method used on the development of this system is a Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) which is one of the methods in Agile methodology. The system is recommended to solve the existing challenges of reading of water meters and improve customer satisfaction in water service and management. Preliminary results of the prototype testing indicate that the system would send readings data to the server as well as the nodes receiving the instructions from the server. The developed prototype would also send weekly messages to customers about their weekly usage. This communication allows any billing issues to be resolved timely. Also, the system would highlight the readings which are doubtful for example zero readings for easily notification and verification

Mobility Aware Energy Efficient Congestion Control in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we introduce a mobility aware and energy efficient congestion control protocol “time sharing energy efficient congestion control (TSEEC) for mobile wireless sensor network.” TSEEC is based on hybrid scheme of time division multiple access protocol (TDMA) and statistical time division multiple access (STDMA) protocol that inform the sensor nodes when to wake up and to go to listening state so as to save energy. This management helps in minimizing congestion and improving network energy conservation through its load based allocation (LBA) and time allocation leister (TAL) techniques. LBA is typically based on STDMA that uses sensor node information for assignment of dynamic timeslots to the sensor, nodes, whereas TAL targets the mobility management of sensor nodes that further comprises three main strategies of cluster member node that is, joining cluster, leaving cluster, and absence of data/redundant data with extricated time allocation (ETA), shift back time allocation (SBTA), and eScaped Time Allocation (STA) subtechniques. In addition, TSEEC protocol introduces the mobility pattern to control the mobile sensor node (MSN) movement to enable the protocol to effectively adapt itself to change the traffic environments and mobility. Mathematical analysis and NS2 simulation show that TSEEC outperforms SMAC in terms of energy consumption and packet deliver ratio. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of TSEEC with various well-known related MAC protocols is also given