11 research outputs found
Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics
The continuous increasing of Earth observations benefits
geosciences and seismicity study but increases greatly the difficulties in
understanding and discriminating multiple source data. Although the
lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere-ionosphere (LCAI) coupling paradigm and
the deviation–time–space (DTS) criterion were presented for better searching
for and understanding the potential seismic anomalies from multiple
observations, the strict consistency of spatiotemporal characteristics and
homologous physics of multiple-parameter seismic anomalies has not been
investigated sufficiently. With the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence being a
typical case, the reported multi-parameter anomalies were systematically
reviewed, and their space–time characteristics were summarized thoroughly in
this study. Numerical simulation with refined geological structures in
three-dimensional space revealed the inhomogeneous crustal stress field
alteration (CSFA) along the faults and around the hypocenters of the 2015 Nepal
earthquake sequence, which is expected to be the root of the seismic
anomalies. The stress-activated positive charge carriers would have given
rise to different responses near the ground surface (coversphere), including
the microwave dielectric reduction, the additional infrared radiation, and
the atmospheric ionization, which subsequently affected the physical
properties of the atmosphere and the ionosphere and resulted in abnormal phenomena
therein. Based on the DTS criterion and LCAI coupling paradigm, the seismic
anomalies of the 2015 Nepal earthquakes were scrutinized strictly, and the
retained anomalies were rooted carefully to the regional CSFA as well as its
local blocking. Therefore, an integrated LCAI coupling framework with strict
space–time correspondence and homologous physics in CSFA was proposed for
the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence. This research provides a definite
philosophy as well as a practical solution for scrutinizing the rootable
seismic anomalies from multi-parameter observations of earthquakes, which is
of scientific meanings for searching earthquake precursors and reaching
earthquake prediction.</p
Land – Atmosphere – Meteorological Coupling Associated with the 2015 Gorkha (M 7.8) and Dolakha (M 7.3) Nepal Earthquakes
Multiple parameters (brightness temperature, soil moisture, surface latent heat flux, surface air temperature and carbon monoxide) before and after the 2015 Nepal M7.8 Gorkha main earthquake and M7.3 Dolakha aftershock were analysed using satellite observation data. The thermal anomalies from optical and microwave data appear about two months prior to the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Some of the parameters show anomalous changes at different altitudes about 20 days prior to the main earthquake event and 10 days prior to the strong aftershock. Our results show that pre-earthquake anomalous signals propagate from the in situ to the top of atmosphere, and the anomalies in the atmosphere often observed prior to an impending earthquake. The changes on the land surface and corresponding changes in meteorological and atmospheric parameters show existence of strong coupling during the seismogenic period, although the transfer mechanism of seismic/electromagnetic is still has to be investigated and understood
From visual comparison to robust satellite techniques: 30 years of thermal infrared satellite data analyses for the study of earthquake preparation phases
This review paper reports the main contributions and results achieved after more
than 30 years of studies on the possible relationships among space-time variation of
Earth’s thermally emitted radiation, measured by satellite sensors operating in the
Thermal InfraRed (TIR) spectral range (8-14 m), and earthquake occurrence. Focus
will be given on the different existing methods/models to: 1) discriminate a possible
pre-seismic TIR anomaly from all the other TIR signal fluctuations; 2) correlate such
anomalies with space, time and magnitude of earthquakes; 3) physically justify such a
correlation
Remote sensing contributing to assess earthquake risk: from a literature review towards a roadmap
Remote sensing data and methods are widely deployed in order to contribute to
the assessment of numerous components of earthquake risk. While for earthquake hazardrelated
investigations, the use of remotely sensed data is an established methodological
element with a long research tradition, earthquake vulnerability–centred assessments
incorporating remote sensing data are increasing primarily in recent years. This goes along
with a changing perspective of the scientific community which considers the assessment of
vulnerability and its constituent elements as a pivotal part of a comprehensive risk analysis.
Thereby, the availability of new sensors systems enables an appreciable share of remote
sensing first. In this manner, a survey of the interdisciplinary conceptual literature dealing
with the scientific perception of risk, hazard and vulnerability reveals the demand for a
comprehensive description of earthquake hazards as well as an assessment of the present
and future conditions of the elements exposed. A review of earthquake-related remote
sensing literature, realized both in a qualitative and quantitative manner, shows the already
existing and published manifold capabilities of remote sensing contributing to assess
earthquake risk. These include earthquake hazard-related analysis such as detection and
measurement of lineaments and surface deformations in pre- and post-event applications.
Furthermore, pre-event seismic vulnerability–centred assessment of the built and natural
environment and damage assessments for post-event applications are presented. Based on
the review and the discussion of scientific trends and current research projects, first steps
towards a roadmap for remote sensing are drawn, explicitly taking scientific, technical,
multi- and transdisciplinary as well as political perspectives into account, which is
intended to open possible future research activities
The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
This open access volume is the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It comprises important scientific research on the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable mountain development and will serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making to safeguard the environment and advance people’s well-being. The compiled content is based on the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, experts and policymakers, brought together by the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) under the coordination of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). This assessment was conducted between 2013 and 2017 as the first of a series of monitoring and assessment reports, under the guidance of the HIMAP Steering Committee: Eklabya Sharma (ICIMOD), Atiq Raman (Bangladesh), Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Nepal), Linxiu Zhang (China), Surendra Pratap Singh (India), Tandong Yao (China) and David Molden (ICIMOD and Chair of the HIMAP SC). This First HKH Assessment Report consists of 16 chapters, which comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the HKH region, increase the understanding of various drivers of change and their impacts, address critical data gaps and develop a set of evidence-based and actionable policy solutions and recommendations. These are linked to nine mountain priorities for the mountains and people of the HKH consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. This book is a must-read for policy makers, academics and students interested in this important region and an essentially important resource for contributors to global assessments such as the IPCC reports. ; Constitutes the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, providing an authoritative overview of the region Assembles the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, practitioners, experts, and policymakers Combines the current state of knowledge of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region in one volume Offers Open Access to a set of practically oriented policy recommendation
The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
This open access volume is the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It comprises important scientific research on the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable mountain development and will serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making to safeguard the environment and advance people’s well-being. The compiled content is based on the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, experts and policymakers, brought together by the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) under the coordination of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). This assessment was conducted between 2013 and 2017 as the first of a series of monitoring and assessment reports, under the guidance of the HIMAP Steering Committee: Eklabya Sharma (ICIMOD), Atiq Raman (Bangladesh), Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Nepal), Linxiu Zhang (China), Surendra Pratap Singh (India), Tandong Yao (China) and David Molden (ICIMOD and Chair of the HIMAP SC). This First HKH Assessment Report consists of 16 chapters, which comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the HKH region, increase the understanding of various drivers of change and their impacts, address critical data gaps and develop a set of evidence-based and actionable policy solutions and recommendations. These are linked to nine mountain priorities for the mountains and people of the HKH consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. This book is a must-read for policy makers, academics and students interested in this important region and an essentially important resource for contributors to global assessments such as the IPCC reports. ; Constitutes the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, providing an authoritative overview of the region Assembles the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, practitioners, experts, and policymakers Combines the current state of knowledge of the Hindu Kush Himalaya region in one volume Offers Open Access to a set of practically oriented policy recommendation
Meeting Future Energy Needs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
As mentioned in earlier chapters, the HKH regions form the entirety of some countries, a major part of other countries, and a small percentage of yet others. Because of this, when we speak about meeting the energy needs of the HKH region we need to be clear that we are not necessarily talking about the countries that host the HKH, but the clearly delineated mountainous regions that form the HKH within these countries. It then immediately becomes clear that energy provisioning has to be done in a mountain context characterized by low densities of population, low incomes, dispersed populations, grossly underdeveloped markets, low capabilities, and poor economies of scale. In other words, the energy policies and strategies for the HKH region have to be specific to these mountain contexts
Ecosystem Service and Land-Use Changes in Asia
This book highlights the role of research in Ecosystem Services and Land Use Changes in Asia. The contributions include case studies that explore the impacts of direct and indirect drivers affecting provision of ecosystem services in Asian countries, including China, India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Findings from these empirical studies contribute to developing sustainability in Asia at both local and regional scales
Volume 22 - 1991: INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES IN GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE - Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Geoscience Information Society
Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Geoscience Information Society held October 21-24, 1991 in San Diego, Californi